BackgroundGallbladder mucocele (GBM) is an increasingly recognized extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs.ObjectivesTo investigate cases of GBM and identify variables associated with survival and the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography to identify gallbladder rupture.AnimalsTwo hundred and nineteen client‐owned dogs with GBM.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study of dogs with GBM, presented from January 2007 to November 2016 to 6 academic veterinary hospitals in the United States. Interrogation of hospital databases identified all cases with the inclusion criteria of a gross and histopathologic diagnosis of GBM after cholecystectomy and intraoperative bacteriologic cultures of at least 1 of the following: gallbladder wall, gallbladder contents, or abdominal effusion.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dogs with GBM and gallbladder rupture with bile peritonitis at the time of surgery were 2.7 times more likely to die than dogs without gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–4.68; n = 41). No significant associations were identified between survival and positive bacteriologic cultures, antibiotic administration, or time (days) from ultrasonographic identification of GBM to the time of surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratios for ultrasonographic identification of gallbladder rupture were 56.1% (95% CI, 39.9–71.2), 91.7% (95% CI, 85.3–95.6), 6.74, and 0.44, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs in our study with GBM and intraoperative evidence of gallbladder rupture and bile peritonitis had a significantly higher risk of death. Additionally, abdominal ultrasonography had low sensitivity for identification of gallbladder rupture.

Background: Gallbladder mucocele is a potentially life-threatening extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of cholecystitis in dogs with gross and histopathologically confirmed gallbladder mucocele and to investigate if there is an association between cholecystitis, including its subtypes (eg, acute, acute on chronic, with necrosis, chronic), and survival. Our secondary objective was to evaluate if there is an association between cholecystitis and intraoperative bacteriological culture positivity.Key Findings: Two hundred nineteen dogs with gallbladder mucocele were included in this multiinstitutional retrospective study, of which 63 (28.8%) dogs had histopathological evidence of cholecystitis. The most common forms of cholecystitis were acute on chronic (n = 22/63, 34.9%) and with necrosis (n = 20, 31.7%). Thirty-one (14.1%) dogs had growth of at least 1 bacterial isolate; however, 88.7% had antimicrobials administered within the 48 hours before surgery or intraoperatively. There was not an association between cholecystitis or its subtypes and survival. Furthermore, there was not an association between cholecystitis and intraoperative bacteriological culture positivity. A total of 38 (17.4%) dogs either died or were euthanized during hospitalization.Significance: Cholecystitis is a common comorbidity in dogs with gallbladder mucocele but was not associated with decreased survival.

Drop wires improved stiffness of single-ring constructs in all loading modalities. Positioning the drop wire farther from the ring surface significantly improved craniocaudal and mediolateral bending stiffness, but did not affect axial compression and torsional stiffness.

This study demonstrated the feasibility of a suture-free technique of canine ureteral resection-anastomosis using a commercially available MAS. The MAS anastomosis was faster and had higher burst strength compared with the HS anastomosis.

Ten patients were treated, most of pre-school age, with acute osteomyelitis, produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, having evolved for approximately one week, with sodium cephazolin at doses of 60 mg/kg/day intramuscularly in two daily injections for the first seven days and then in a single dose every twenty-four hours for four to seven weeks. Nine of ten patients were asymptomatic six months after this treatment. The patient who manifested chronic signs at the end of six weeks of therapy continued to be treated with three weekly injections of the same drug at an equal dose until the completion of six months, at the end of which he was asymptomatic. Ten patients with chronic osteomyelitis having evolved for two months to five years, due to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were treated with cephapirin at the dose of 30 mg/kg in one daily injection intramuscularly for three to four weeks and then the same dose on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays until the completion of six months. Eight patients who required it were sequestrectomized. Seven of the ten patients improve and remained asymptomatic for the same period of observation. The three patients who did not show marked clinical improvement did exhibit an appreciable radiological recovery. We have presented these regimens of treatment with a view of encouraging research into the intermittent administration of bactericidal antibiotics for pyogenic infections; in spite of the good results, we do not dare to recommend them in daily practice.