Prevalence and impact of cholecystitis on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Abstract

Background: Gallbladder mucocele is a potentially life-threatening extrahepatic biliary disease in dogs. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of cholecystitis in dogs with gross and histopathologically confirmed gallbladder mucocele and to investigate if there is an association between cholecystitis, including its subtypes (eg, acute, acute on chronic, with necrosis, chronic), and survival. Our secondary objective was to evaluate if there is an association between cholecystitis and intraoperative bacteriological culture positivity.Key Findings: Two hundred nineteen dogs with gallbladder mucocele were included in this multiinstitutional retrospective study, of which 63 (28.8%) dogs had histopathological evidence of cholecystitis. The most common forms of cholecystitis were acute on chronic (n = 22/63, 34.9%) and with necrosis (n = 20, 31.7%). Thirty-one (14.1%) dogs had growth of at least 1 bacterial isolate; however, 88.7% had antimicrobials administered within the 48 hours before surgery or intraoperatively. There was not an association between cholecystitis or its subtypes and survival. Furthermore, there was not an association between cholecystitis and intraoperative bacteriological culture positivity. A total of 38 (17.4%) dogs either died or were euthanized during hospitalization.Significance: Cholecystitis is a common comorbidity in dogs with gallbladder mucocele but was not associated with decreased survival.

Clinical characteristics and histology of cholecystectomised dogs with nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge: 16 cases (2014‐2019)

“…Otherwise, only 63 of 219 dogs with GBM that underwent cholecystectomy were described to have cholecystitis (Rogers et al . 2019), the occurrence of which was also inconsistent in other studies with the predominant described inflammatory cell‐type being neutrophils (Amsellem et al . 2006, O'Neill et al .…”

“…2018, Rogers et al . 2019), although one recent study did report scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells in the biliary submucosa in five of 10 dogs with GBM (Gookin et al . 2018).…”

“…2018, Rogers et al . 2019). In comparison, lymphoplasmacytic cholecystitis has only been described in occasional cases (Malek et al .…”

“…2013, Cullen & Stalker 2016, Rogers et al . 2019). Scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells in the biliary submucosa were described in five of 10 dogs with GBM in one recent study (Gookin et al .…”

Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

“…Performing cholecystectomy in people with acute cholecystitis within 72 hours of time of onset of symptoms significantly decreases the overall incidence of complications, including perioperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, wound infection, overall morbidity, and mortality (Cao et al, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 2016; Gonzalez-Rodriguez et al, 2009;Lau et al, 2006). While not directly comparable to canine GBM, some of these concerns regarding cholecystitis in people are likely to be of relevance, particularly as cholecystitis and regional inflammation has been observed in some dogs with GBM (Malek et al, 2013;Pike et al, 2004;Tamborini et al, 2016;Wennogle et al, 2019;Rogers et al, in press).…”