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CONTROL 601and his ability to perform in biofeedback. The more psychopathic the person is the more likely the tin nitus will fail to improve with biofeedback. The "healthy neurotics" do well with biofeedback. They are able to reduce their tinnitus and become more aware of some of the dynamics involved with it.A small group of our patients have benefitted from the use of the tinnitus masker and are grateful for the relief the masker provides. Certainly it is not a panacea, but it does offer some relief and should be offered as a possible treatment to these patients.The best results of treatment of tinnitus occur af ter complete evaluation, examination, and thorough explanation to the patient. 2. Fowler EP. Head noises in normal and disordered ears. Arch Otolaryngol 1944; 39:498-503. 3. House JW, Miller L, House PR. Severe tinnitus: treatment with biofeedback training (results in 41 cases). Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1976; 84:697-703. 4. House PR. Personality of the tinnitus patient. GIBS Sym posium 1981; 85 (in press). 5. Dandy WE. Surgical treatment of Meniere's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1941; 72:421-5. 6. Ward PH, Babin R, Calcaterra TC, Konrad HR. Opera tive treatment of surgical lesions with objective tinnitus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1975; 84:473-81. 7. Classgold A, Altmann F. The effects of stapes surgery on tinnitus. Laryngoscope 1966; 76:1524-31. 8. House WF, Luetje CM, eds. A history of acoustic tumor surgery: 1800-1900, early history. Vol. 1. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1979. 9. House JW. Treatment of severe tinnitus with biofeedback training. Laryngoscope 1978; 78:406-12. 10. House JW, Johnson EW. Tinnitus: tinnitus masker and bi ofeedback training. Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc Annu Meet 1979; 60:115-20. 11. Vernon J. Attempts to relieve tinnitus. J Am Audiol Soc 1977; 2:124-31. 12. Vernon J, Schleoning A. Tinnitus: a new management. Laryngoscope 1978; 88:413-9. 13. Saltzman M, Ersner MJ. A hearing aid for the relief of tin nitus aurium. Laryngoscope 1947; 51:358-66.Medical treatment is presented as the best hope of the various treatment methods available for the management of tinnitus. A test dose of 100 mg lidocaine given rapidly intravenously will give good or partial temporary relief to approximately 80% of patients with tinnitus. More permanent relief can then be achieved by the oral anticonvulsants carbamazepine or primidone but the side effects of these drugs are occasionally too severe to justify their use. Three preliminary clinical studies of the oral amide of lidocaine, tocainide hydrochloride, were conducted and results with 600 mg four times daily are very promising. Further long-term clinical trials with tocainide will be started soon. It would appear that local anesthetics when given intravenously block the multisynaptic slow pathways in tinnitus as well as in chronic pain, with which there are many other similarities. The delay in wave V in the BSER and the sudden sleep induced in patients with a good response to intravenous lidocaine further confirm the site of ...

Summary:The use of guidelines to prevent the broadcast of epileptogenic television program content has reduced the incidence of seizures in Britain and Japan. Epileptogenic content includes both flicker and patterns. The guidelines for flicker were developed on the basis of a model that related stimulus parameters to the proportion of patients affected. We here extend the model to pattern stimuli. A set of rules is advocated that keeps the level of risk to a consistent minimum and simplifies compliance. We propose that striped patterns that last >0.5 s, occupy more than one fourth the area of the screen, and have bright stripes >50 cd/m 2 in luminance be restricted as regards the number of cycles admissible. The guidelines are estimated to protect at least two thirds of susceptible patients.

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