John Kington's book, the first of its kind, gives a definitive account of the weather in the 1780s over Europe based on historical weather maps. These charts are unique in forming the earliest series of daily synoptic weather maps constructed with quantitative instrumental data, and as such represent an important contribution to the history of climate.
The wide range of hazards to which the population of coastal Maharashtra is exposed during such stormy conditions. Very large numbers of fatalities resulted from the severe weather in the Bombay storm. The return period of the two events. Conditions observed on 12/13 June 1997 at Cherrapunji may be expected regularly during the monsoon; the storm of 24 July 1989 at Bombay may be expected to be repeated only once in several years.The causes of the regular downpours at Cherrapunji are well understood. However, quite why the cyclone at Bombay was so severe, i.e. why winds were so strong and rainfall was so heavy, is unclear. Its vigour was probably due to stronger-than-normal surface convergence and unusually high wind shear. It is quite possible also that the contribution of high sea temperatureswhich are at a maximum in the northern Indian Ocean during July and Augustto the vigour of the circulation was also underestimated. ment, SL MoritZ, pp. 199-204 Subbaramayya, I. and Naidu, C. V. (1995) Withdrawal of the south-west monsoon over Indiaa synoptic and climatological study. M e m L AppL, 2, pp. 159-166 Sumner, G. (1996) Precipitation weather. Gwgraphy, ~A H S Intemactonal Workshop OTZ 13/ecipitacia me as^^-
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