Critical management studies scholars occupy a tenuous position in business schools. Their location and intellectual trajectory needs to be understood in the political context of the historical defeat of the Left since its highpoint in 1968. One of the tributaries of critical management studies is labor process theory, which derives from Braverman's (1974) classic critique of the degradation of labor in capitalist work organization. Whereas Braverman attempted to restore confidence in the potential of the working class to fulfill its Marxist destiny to lead a revolutionary transformation of society, any such confidence in the second coming of communism has long since evaporated from critical management studies. Instead of adhering to Marx's or Braverman's historical visions critical management studies scholars have increasingly turned to Foucault or critical theorists such as Adorno or Marcuse, who provide the basis for a deconstruction of Marxian eschatology. This is presented as an intellectual progression in critical management studies, but we argue that it is a manifestation of the defeat of the Left and the need to temper our radicalism in the context of neo-liberal hegemony. Harry Braverman's Labor and Monopoly Capital (1974). Braverman's Tel +44 020 7753 3313. Address for correspondence on the paper. His last book, Organisations and Institutions: Perspectives in Economics and Sociology (1997), deals with the relationship between organizational economics, especially transaction cost economics, and organization theory, focusing on the relative importance of power and efficiency in explanations for the rise of the modern corporation, the separation of ownership from control, and divisions of labor and hierarchy.
We examine the effect that investments in education have on household expenditure on fruits and vegetables using a two‐stage model that accounts for differences in ability and heterogeneous returns to education. For this, we use the 2008 Consumer Expenditure Survey for the United States. We find that higher levels of education contribute to greater household expenditures on both fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. We find a nonlinear effect on fresh fruits and vegetables, indicating that education impacts the quality of purchases as well. Although nutritional education is often touted as important for a healthful diet, these results highlight how investments in human capital via formal education can potentially improve dietary quality as well.
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