No abstract

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis may be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. In some diseases, corneal involvement occurs after the systemic disease has been present for many years, whereas in others, it may be the first manifestation. Regardless of the time of presentation, the development of corneal ulceration in the setting of systemic autoimmune disease may represent progression of a potentially life threatening disease. The relatively rare incidence of these diseases has limited publications over the past year to a few case series that have further characterized the natural history of the diseases associated with peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Current laboratory research has been directed at describing the antigenic targets within the cornea of the abnormal immune response in these patients and also the mechanism of keratolysis that results in ulceration.

No abstract

IMPORTANCE Cataract surgery is the most common eye surgery. Calculating the most accurate power of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES To develop a graphical method for displaying IOL calculation formulas in 3 dimensions, and to describe a method that uses the most accurate and current information on IOL formulas, adjustments, and lens design to create one "super surface" and develop an IOL "super formula." DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A numerical computing environment was used to create 3-D surfaces of IOL formulas: Hoffer Q, Holladay I, Holladay I with Koch adjustment, Haigis, and SRK/T. The surfaces were then analyzed to determine where the IOL powers calculated by each formula differed by more than 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 diopters (D) from each of the other formulas. Next, based on the current literature and empirical knowledge, a super surface was rendered that incorporated the ideal portions from 4 of the 5 formulas to generate a super formula. Last, IOL power values of a set of 100 eyes from consecutive patients at an eye institute were calculated using the 5 formulas and super formula. The study was performed from December 11, 2014, to April 20, 2015. Analysis was conducted from February 18 to May 6, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Intraocular lens power value in diopters and the magnitude of disparity between an existing individual IOL formula and our super formula. RESULTS In the 100 eyes tested, the super formula localized to the correct portion of the super surface 100% of the time and thus chose the most appropriate IOL power value. The individual formulas deviated from the optimal super formula IOL power values by more than 0.5 D 30% of the time in Hoffer Q, 16% in Holladay I, 22% in Holladay I with Koch adjustment, 48% in Haigis, and 24% in SRK/T. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A novel method was developed to represent IOL formulas in 3 dimensions. An IOL super formula was formulated that incorporates the ideal segments from each of the existing formulas and uses the ideal IOL formula for an individual eye. The expectation is that this method will broaden the conceptual understanding of IOL calculations, improve clinical outcomes for patients, and stimulate further progress in IOL formula research.

In idiopathic epimacular membranes, the decrease in retinal electrophysiologic response was not limited to the fovea but also involved the perifoveal area. The electrical retinal response density of these areas gradually improved after peeling of the epimacular membrane.

No abstract

Newer methods to address errors in intraocular lens power calculations after keratorefractive surgery represent a paradigm shift from the previous gold standard of the clinical history method. Understanding the advantages and limitations of the various methods may be beneficial in obtaining more accurate estimations of the intraocular lens power after corneal refractive surgery, resulting in improved visual outcomes.

No abstract