IMPORTANCE Cataract surgery is the most common eye surgery. Calculating the most accurate power of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES To develop a graphical method for displaying IOL calculation formulas in 3 dimensions, and to describe a method that uses the most accurate and current information on IOL formulas, adjustments, and lens design to create one "super surface" and develop an IOL "super formula." DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A numerical computing environment was used to create 3-D surfaces of IOL formulas: Hoffer Q, Holladay I, Holladay I with Koch adjustment, Haigis, and SRK/T. The surfaces were then analyzed to determine where the IOL powers calculated by each formula differed by more than 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 diopters (D) from each of the other formulas. Next, based on the current literature and empirical knowledge, a super surface was rendered that incorporated the ideal portions from 4 of the 5 formulas to generate a super formula. Last, IOL power values of a set of 100 eyes from consecutive patients at an eye institute were calculated using the 5 formulas and super formula. The study was performed from December 11, 2014, to April 20, 2015. Analysis was conducted from February 18 to May 6, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Intraocular lens power value in diopters and the magnitude of disparity between an existing individual IOL formula and our super formula. RESULTS In the 100 eyes tested, the super formula localized to the correct portion of the super surface 100% of the time and thus chose the most appropriate IOL power value. The individual formulas deviated from the optimal super formula IOL power values by more than 0.5 D 30% of the time in Hoffer Q, 16% in Holladay I, 22% in Holladay I with Koch adjustment, 48% in Haigis, and 24% in SRK/T. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A novel method was developed to represent IOL formulas in 3 dimensions. An IOL super formula was formulated that incorporates the ideal segments from each of the existing formulas and uses the ideal IOL formula for an individual eye. The expectation is that this method will broaden the conceptual understanding of IOL calculations, improve clinical outcomes for patients, and stimulate further progress in IOL formula research.

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Participants made verticality judgments using the rod-and-disk test, a test of visual dependence, and then repeated after caloric irrigation. If the combination of rotating disk and caloric increased the slow-phase velocity of the torsional nystagmus the tilt in subjective verticality increased, whereas reductions in eye velocity were associated with reduced tilt. Thus visual dependency measures are not only modulated by perceptual style but can also reflect local vestibulo-ocular function, specifically torsional eye movements.

Purpose of review The subject of artificial intelligence has recently been responsible for the advancement of many industries including aspects of medicine and many of its subspecialties. Within ophthalmology, artificial intelligence technology has found ways of improving the diagnostic and therapeutic processes in cornea, glaucoma, retina, and cataract surgery. As demands on the modern ophthalmologist grow, artificial intelligence can be utilized to help address increased demands of modern medicine and ophthalmology by adding to the physician's clinical and surgical acumen. The purpose of this review is to highlight the integration of artificial intelligence into ophthalmology in recent years in the areas of cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery. Recent findings Within the realms of cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery, artificial intelligence has played a major role in identifying ways of improving diagnostic detection. In keratoconus, artificial intelligence algorithms may help with the early detection of keratoconus and other ectatic disorders. In cataract surgery, artificial intelligence may help improve the performance of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas. Further, with its potential integration into automated refraction devices, artificial intelligence can help provide an improved framework for IOL formula optimization that is more accurate and customized to a specific cataract surgeon. Summary The future of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology is a promising prospect. With continued advancement of mathematical and computational algorithms, corneal disease processes can be diagnosed sooner and IOL calculations can be made more accurate.

A simplified TIL score using evidenced-based patient-care parameters within first 3 days of admission after sICH was significantly associated with early mortality and good outcome. The next step is prospective validation of the simplified TIL score in a large clinical trial.

Cataract surgery is the most common eye surgery. Appropriate optimization of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulae can result in improved patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe a methodology of optimizing existing IOL formulae and develop hybrid formulae based on artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: Preoperative biometric and postoperative outcomes data were obtained from medical records at a single institution. A numeric computing environment was used to analyze these data and refine IOL formulae using supervised learning AI. The mean absolute error of each IOL formulae with and without AI enhancement was determined, as well as the number of eyes within 0.5 diopter of the predicted refraction. Results: AI algorithms improved the mean absolute error as well as number of eyes within 0.5 diopters of predicted refraction for each of the formulae tested (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A novel methodology is described that uses AI to improve existing IOL formulae. This methodology has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for cataract surgery patients.

William John Adie was an Australian neurologist in the early 20th century responsible for extensively describing the tonically dilated pupil associated with absent deep tendon reflexes -both features of a syndrome that now bears his name. In addition to other neurological syndromes, he was also significant in delineating narcolepsy through his clinical essays and case series. His ophthalmic and neurologic contributions have served the test of time and played an important role in the modern understanding of Adie syndrome and narcolepsy. This report reviews Adie's medical contributions, extensive descriptions of Adie syndrome, and provides a brief biographical account of his life.

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