This paper reviews theoretical literature and empirical investigations concerning h e role of values in psychotherapy. Contrary to traditional psychoanalytic conceptualization, the psychotherapeuric relationship is viewed in terms of interpersonal attraction and interpersonal influence and some degree of therapist-patient value similarity is considered a prerequisite for positive attraction, effective communication, and influence of therapist over patient. The importance of matching therapist-patient pairs on the value dimension is stressed. Psychotherapy-analogue research is cited as a vehicle for exploring the role of values in psychotherapy. j CONTENTS Definitional Problems . . 669 Theoretical Considerations . 670 Research on Values and Psychotherapy . . . . . 675 Conclusions . 682 References . 684The importance of values for psychotherapy1 has been acknowledged and emphasized in the literature primarily since the early 1950s. There have been two major reviews of the literature pertaining specifically to values and psychotherapy. Patterson (1959) reviewed the literature in terms of the four general headings: ( a ) values and criteria of mental health, ( b ) values and therapeutic methods, (c) values and selection of clients, and ( d ) the influence of the counselor's (therapisc's) values on the client. Ehrlich and Wiener ( 1961 ) made the most recent review of this literature. These authors emphasized problems in the measurement of values and other methodological problems of research concerned with values and psychotherapy. There have been at least as many empirical investigations of values and psychotherapy in the short period since the review by Ehrlich and Wiener as there were prior to their review. Most of these investigations have been done in the last few years. The present review is not concerned with v a l~~e s and criteria of mental health or with the very important problem of measurement of values in the psychotherapeutic setting. This review focuses on the effect of the therapist's values on the patient and on the interaction between therapist's and patient's values.
Glycolsylated hemoglobin (G Hb) levels and data on adherence and patient-provider discordance in beliefs about diabetes were collected from 42 insulin-requiring patients with diabetes. Discordance was calculated for both degree of discordance (absolute amount of disagreement) and direction of discordance (degree to which physician > patient or patient < physician). Patients generally agreed with physicians in perceptions of severity, costs of adherence, and immediate and long-term benefits of adherence. Significant differences were found between these dimensions. Only discordance on long-term benefits of adherence correlated with adherence, with greater discordance related to greater adherence. Discordance on the cost dimension correlated negatively with G Hb, suggesting better glycemic control with greater disagreement. Those who underestimate the cost of adherence show greater adherence. Adherence did not correlate significantly with glycemic control.
2 groups of Ss were treated for phobic reaction to snakes with the method of desensitization based on reciprocal inhibition. The group which received “in vivo” training with the phobic object, in addition, achieved a greater relative change than the group which did not ( P < .05). Both groups combined showed significant change following therapy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.