Training Hospital Clinicians to Diagnose Tardive Dyskinesia

Germer, Christopher K.; Seraydarian, Louisa; McBrearty, John F.

doi:10.1176/ps.35.8.769

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…TD is characterized by a wide variety of involuntary movements and tics, including lip smacking, biting, clenching, chewing, sucking, tongue thrusting, and jaw movements (American Psychiatric Association, 1999;Germer et al, 1984;Kane et al, 1992;Munetz & Benjamin, 1988;Tarsy, 1984). TD is clinically expressed as stereotypes (repetitive, purposeless, but seemingly purposeful movements) and dystonias (briefly sustained or fixed abnormal postures).…”

Section: Background Extrapyramidal Motor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The criteria for probable TD includes a history of at least 3 months of continuous exposure to antipsychotic medications; the presence of at least moderate abnormal involuntary movements in one or more body areas or at least mild movements in two or more body areas; and the absence of other conditions that might produce involuntary movements (Germer et al, 1984). Routine periodic movement examinations with a tool such as the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) (Guy, 1976) are considered by many to be the most important step in prevention of TD.…”

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Routine periodic movement examinations with a tool such as the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) (Guy, 1976) are considered by many to be the most important step in prevention of TD. Such examinations have been recommended to aid in the early detection of TD and to help both clinicians and patients evaluate either the presence or the course of drug-induced movement disorders (Ahrens et al, 1988;Germer et al;Herz et al, 2000;Jeste & Caligiuri, 1993;Kane et al, 1992;Munetz & Benjamin, 1990). The American Psychiatric Task Force report on tardive dyskinesia (Kane et al), in its guidelines for the avoidance and management of TD, recommended regular examinations for early signs of choreoathetosis and oral-lingual dyskinesias.…”

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many patients with motor EPS are unaware of having any abnormal movements; therefore it is important for clinicians to be constantly alert for EPS (Egan et al, 1997;Germer et al, 1984;Herz et al, 2000;Larsen & Gerlech, 1996). Routine monitoring of TD is essential to track symptomatic changes and response to medications (Ahrens et al, 1988;American Psychiatric Association, 1999;Awad et al, 1997;Boyd & Nihart, 1998;Egan et al;Germer et al;Kaplan & Sadock, 1998;Lane, Glazer, Hansen, Berman, & Kramer, 1985;Munetz & Benjamin, 1988Munetz & Schultz, 1986). Adding a formal movement examination, such as the AIMS, to routine clinical observation provides a way to monitor the progress of treatment and increases the likelihood of detecting TD as it emerges (Germer et al;Kane et al, 1992;Munetz & Benjamin, 1990).…”

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a gradually appearing EPS that may arise as a result of sustained exposure to any antipsychotic medication, except clozapine. TD manifests as a sometimes persistent, involuntary movement disorder that can be irreversible (Egan, Apud, & Wyatt, 1997;Germer, Seraydarian, & McBrearty, 1984;Herz et al;Whall, Engle, Edwards, Bobel, & Haberland, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schizophrenia, Tardive Dyskinesia, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)

Menzies

Farrell

2002

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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The incidence of tardive dyskinesia as a side effect of antipsychotic medications is well documented in the literature on the treatment for schizophrenia. Although the new generation of atypical neuroleptics helps diminish the incidence of such side effects, a complete elimination has yet to be fully realized. Nurses continually observe and assess patients. As such, nurses in all settings can effectively contribute to both preventative and palliative care of the patient who is about to receive or is currently receiving antipsychotic medications. Familiarity with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and expertise in the application of AIMS in patient assessment assist in these important prevention efforts.

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Section: Background Extrapyramidal Motor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Schizophrenia, Tardive Dyskinesia, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)

Menzies

Farrell

2002

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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Instruments for assessing stereotypic movements: A review of the literature.

Sprague¹

Stereotyped Movements: Brain and Behavior Relationships.

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quote from a well-known researcher provides a good introduction to A this chapter. Child psychiatrist Magda Campbell is distinguished for her years of research on autism and more recent research on differentially diagnosing abnormal movements, stereotypies, and tardive dyskinesia in children. A few years ago, she and a colleague wrote, "Appropriate assessment instruments should be selected on the basis of their known validity, reliability, and sensitivity to drug effects" (Campbell & Deutsch, 1985, p. 216). The concepts they enunciated are as sound now as they were at the time of writing. This appropriate emphasis on psychometric properties, often missing in clinical research, was one of the reasons this chapter was prepared. In the absence of empirical data on psychometric properties, the clinical data on prevalence, severity, and so on, are often of limited value because each clinician tends to have her or his own internal standard. Thus, the author undertook a review of assessment procedures for tardive dyskinesia.

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