Animal infectivity studies demonstrate the efficacy of pulsed and advanced UV in inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are highly resistant to conventional chlorine‐based disinfectants. The authors tested two innovative electrotechnologies that use ultraviolet (UV) light and found that both pulsed UV and advanced UV inactivated Cryptosporidium oocysts. The advanced UV system achieved >4‐log inactivation as determined in animal infectivity studies using the neonatal mouse model. With the pulsed UV system, oocyst inactivation was also noted in the process control (non‐UV‐exposed oocysts), suggesting that some oocyst inactivation may have occurred independently of UV exposure. Irrespective of this, both technologies appear to be effective and novel ways to treat drinking water and to provide an additional significant barrier that helps protect public health.
Unidirectional flushing can help ensure that water is delivered to the consumer's tap with minimum degradation in quality.
Distribution system deficiencies continue to be responsible for more than 25 percent of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States each year, a statistic that underscores the need for water suppliers to effectively control water quality within the distribution system. Flushing is one of the most powerful tools available to a water utility for maintaining this control. Unidirectional flushing (UDF) is a refinement designed to bring water through the system in a controlled fashion at velocities sufficient to provide a scouring action within the distribution piping. First developed in the early 1990s, UDF is being utilized by a growing number of utilities as a cost‐effective way of improving and preserving water quality in the distribution system. In this overview of UDF, the authors summarize the technique's key components and potential benefits and explore how UDF fits into overall efforts to control distribution system water quality.
Organic chemical compounds have infiltrated many groundwater sources. Since thousands of small water systems rely on groundwater sources for potable water, an economical means of controlling or treating supplies is essential. This article outlines alternatives for bringing such systems into compliance and compares the costs of each method.
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