The main objective of this study is to examine, with a comprehensive systematic approach and framework for the analysis of the economic feasibility and methodology of the application of bamboo forest biomass technology as renewable energy for the environment and sustainable regional development.This study was conducted in the subdistricts of South Siberut and Central Siberut, Mentawai Islands district, West Sumatra, as an example for the economic development of underdeveloped areas that have bamboo forests suitable for renewable energy materials.The result is a sustainanle supply chain of renewable energy development that addresses technical complexity, economic scale, capital costs, and renewable energy funding challenges, for small to medium-sized projects and not connected to off-grid networks
This research aimed to study bamboo biomass renewable energy development cultivated in community forests in Indonesia, especially in those frontiers, outermost, and least developed regions often referred to as 3T regions. Community empowerment refers to the process of enabling communities to increase control over their lives. The study was conducted in three villages of Matotonan, Madobag, and Saliguma in Siberut Island, Mentawai Islands District, West Sumatra Province. This study's design was descriptive by conducting a field survey, using a systematic random sampling method with the interview and questionnaire technique to obtain primary data on electricity demand and demographic factors. The key success indicators were then generated using the Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST) method to analyze the FGD. The biomass energy development without community empowerment and the presence of PLN at subsidized rates would not succeed. The renewable energy of bamboo forest biomass characterizes the need for community participation to be involved in operations. Without community empowerment, the community would not have the ability to pay electricity bills even if subsidized. No income distribution would also result in not achieving the main objectives of this project's development, which is sustainable development for rural communities in the 3T regions.
Background: This study objective to create a business model for the development of renewable energy based on bamboo forest biomass for underdeveloped and remote islands in Indonesia. Electrical energy has a vital and strategic role, to support national development and must be realized reliably, safely, equitably and environmentally friendly. Many problems occur in the management of the national electricity system, including dependence on the supply of fossil-fuel primary energy sources, as well as Indonesia's geographical condition which consists of many islands making it difficult to process the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Electricity generation from renewable energy sources based on bamboo forest biomass can be a solution to the above problems. The research questions to (1) analyze what factors will influence uncertainty in the development of renewable energy based on bamboo forest biomass; (2) analyze the indicators of the success of the development of renewable energy based on sustainable bamboo forest biomass. (3) designing a business model for the development of renewable energy based on bamboo forest biomass in rural areas that can guarantee sustainable regional growth. Methods: The study uses soft systems methodology techniques in the form of case studies supported by field surveys and literature studies. Qualitative analysis was carried out with a Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interviews with experts aimed at identifying indicators of success in developing sustainable renewable energy. The analysis technique uses two analytical methods, Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The location of the study was conducted in three villages in Siberut Island, Mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra Conclusions: There were numbers of key elements in designing a business model for the development of renewable energy based on bamboo forest biomass, namely electricity subsidy rates, community forest land status, donor agencies, village community participation, income distribution and cooperative partnership of bamboo farmers. Business model that was designed in this study requires five things, specifically; (1) Clustering, (2) High tariffs, (3) Non-commercial funding, (4) Community Forestry, and (5) Community Empowerment.
The causes of the carbon emissions is the one use of electrical energy. According to PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara), the electricity sector contributes 14% of carbon emissions of the total national emissions. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the total of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reached 33.9 gigatons throughout 2020. A total of 13.5 gigatons of which came from electricity and heating, being the most compared to the other sources. Indonesia as the fourth most populous country in the world also contributes to carbon emissions from electricity use. The electricity consumption in Indonesia each year increases by an average of about 3.60% (from 2015-2020) and contributes to these carbon emissions. Indonesia with the largest potential sources of renewable energy (wind, solar power, geothermal and other sources), is expected to be able and develop and become a leader, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Region. This paper will discuss the analysis of carbon footprint from electricity demand in Indonesia and renewable energy supply that can be used to reduce carbon emissions in dealing with climate change problems. The results of the analysis show that the carbon footprint of electricity usage per year on average is 5242.3 KgCO2. The Projection of Renewable Energy Growth in Indonesia in 2045 will reach 20711.67 megawatt. Estimates of net-zero carbon emissions in Indonesia conclude that Indonesia has not yet achieved net-zero carbon emissions in 2045.
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