The aim of this study was to investigate how to develop prospective chemistry teachers' TPACK and thus qualify them for the effective use of educational technology in their future chemistry teaching. For this purpose, we developed and evaluated a university seminar for the professional development of preservice chemistry teachers. We implemented this seminar at two German universities with students of two different expertise levels and courses of study. One group of students consisted of master students with an imminent internship semester while the other comprised bachelor students. In order to find out how preservice teacher training for digital literacy should be structured we measured the participants' development considering their TPACK competence in lesson planning, TPACK self-efficacy, and attitude. The results revealed that the seminar is suitable for increasing the participants' TPACK since we were able to improve the students' skills to implement educational technology into their lesson plan. Yet, the residual comparison between both groups shows a significantly higher increase in the master students' abilities. Regarding the TPACK self-efficacy and attitude, however, we were able to measure a significant increase for only the master students. Based on our findings, we suggest to allocate a seminar on educational technology in direct link to an internship and at a time during their studies when the teacher candidates have already had the opportunity to gain some prior knowledge in content, pedagogy, and subject didactics.

This manuscript introduces the Multitouch Learning Book as a learning guide for school chemistry lessons. It is an e-book with integrated multimedia content, in which additional interactive materials are integrated. The use of chemistry lessons offers various advantages in terms of individual support, teaching methods and the combination of teaching with extra-curricular learning locations. Multitouch Learning Books can be grouped into the Huwer and Brünken (2018) model, which describes the dimensions of the use of digital media in individual learning processes. The first dimension describes the three operating modes of the tablet as an experimental tool, a learning tool, as well as a learning companion, the second dimension describes the methodological implementation of the tablet and the third dimension describes individualization. In addition, this document introduces the independently created Multitouch Learning Book on the topic of the particle model. During the preparation process, the current state of the art in research on the topics covered and the possibilities for individual funding was taken into account. In addition, an empirical study was conducted to investigate the influence on cognitive learning growth.

For the planning and implementation of lessons with digital technologies, a subject-specific technology-related professional competence of teachers is of central importance. However, the competency frameworks developed so far remain in a general perspective and do not explicitly address subject-specific issues. Furthermore, digital competencies are predominantly measured with subject-unspecific self-assessment instruments, as subject-specific operationalizations for this area are not yet available in a differentiated form. In this article, the framework for Digital Competencies for Teaching in Science Education (DiKoLAN), a subject-specific framework for pre-service science teachers, is introduced, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, first results of a self-assessment tool based on the framework are described. DiKoLAN defines competency areas highly specific to science, as well as more general competency areas that include aspects common to all subjects. Each competency area is described by competency expectations, which, in turn, are structured with reference to the four technology-related dimensions of the TPACK framework (i.e., Technological and Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and three levels of performance (Name, Describe, Use/Apply). Derived from DiKoLAN, a corresponding self-assessment instrument (DiKoLAN-Grid) was developed and empirically tested for the two competency areas, (n = 118) and Information Search and Evaluation (n = 90), in biology student teachers. By means of path models, tendencies regarding structural correlations of the four components Special Tools (TK), Content-specific Context (TCK), Methods and Digitality (TPK), and Teaching (TPACK) are presented for both competency areas and discussed, as well as in comparison to previously conducted, subject-unspecific surveys.

Given that students are constantly communicating and documenting special experiences in their social and private lives with digital devices, we suggest that this behavior could be used to record and deepen learning experiences -such as visualizing reactions at the molecular level -in a chemistry class. An example would be the creation of stop-motion videos to aid the visualization process for the documentation of experiments. This approach makes use of well-established techniques for documentation and visualization (e.g. static models or pictures) and combines them with dynamic approaches (e.g. animations) in order to enhance explanations of chemical experiments. Here, we describe how we use this approach to augment the novel teaching method, EXPlainistry (experiments explained in chemistry) with 5 th to 12 th graders, and consider how it helps students use ICT

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The importance of the transformation to a sustainable economy for the protection from global crises such as climate change is widely recognized. Sustainable entrepreneurs are considered to play a key role in this transformation process as they create innovative market solutions with ecological, social, and economic value. So far, there is no consensus on competences students need to solve sustainability challenges as sustainable entrepreneurs. The aim of this article is to identify competence frameworks that enable competence-oriented education of future sustainable entrepreneurs. An academic search engine and a bibliographic database were screened for documents written in English and published between January 2010 and November 2020 to identify the existing competence frameworks discussed in the current literature in the field of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Education (SEE). The review process led to a set of 65 empirical and nonempirical works on SEE. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis was used for this review. The data analysis showed an increasing number of SEE articles published over the last decade mostly in scientific journals (69.2%). Fifty-six (86.2%) of publications related to tertiary education. The data analysis revealed three stand-alone competence frameworks for Sustainable Entrepreneurship (SE). The frameworks show an overlap in content but differences in terms of construction, validation, complexity. All competence frameworks were developed for use in higher education institutions, which necessitates adaptation for use in other educational institutions. The analysis of 28 SEE interventions identified in the literature provides information on the reception of the frameworks for competence-based teaching and assessment.

This chapter describes a project of innovating chemistry education by the creation of non-formal learning environments in university laboratories open to secondary school science and chemistry classes. Issues of sustainable development and green chemistry were chosen as a driver to create the learning environments. Connecting the learning about sustainable development and green chemistry with innovations in the non-formal educational arena proofed to be a positive enrichment in the teaching and learning of chemistry in the eyes of both the students and the teachers. The project shows the potential of non-formal laboratories in universities, if thoroughly connected to formal learning in schools, for improving the chemistry curriculum and its related pedagogy, as well as for teacher continuous professional development.

Augmented Reality is a good way to enrich and expand not only the environment but also the students' learning. When students come to a chemical laboratory for the first time, it is important to internalize the special rules and regulations. For this reason, we have linked these two components and developed an Augmented Reality Laboratory License. The students should internalize the laboratory and its rules with the help of a rally. The students set off in the laboratory and discover the various symbols and rules with the help of augmented symbols. The standard symbols, such as safety symbols, warning symbols and hazard symbols, were used to provide augmented assistance at the various stations of the rally.