ABSTRACT. Different studies have suggested an association between arsenic (As) exposure and damage to single-stranded DNA by reactive oxygen species derived from the biotransformation of arsenic. The single strand damages are converted to double strand damage upon interaction with ultraviolet radiation. Analysis of genomic integrity is important for assessing the genotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. In this study, we compared the concentration of As in drinking water, nutritional status, lifestyle variables, and the level of genotoxicity in an exposed population and a control group. Arsenic content of water was determined using a portable Arsenator ® kit. DNA fragmentation was determined using the two-tailed comet assay. Our results show that 2 J. Jiménez-Villarreal et al.Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (2): gmr16029241 the exposed population had low nutritional consumption compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the water consumed by the exposed group had As concentration of 14.3 ± 8.4 mg/L, whereas the As level in the water consumed by the control group was 7.7 ± 3.5 mg/L. Analysis shows that the frequency of double strand break (DSB) fragmentation was higher in the population exposed to higher levels of As compared to that of the control group. These results suggest a possible association between the concentration of As in drinking water and lifestyle variables, with increasing fragmentation of DSBs in the exposed population.

ABSTRACT. Formaldehyde (FA) is an environmental xenobiotic, which is genotoxic and carcinogenic to humans and animals; it induces DNA damage, mutations, and clastogenicity during critical cytogenetic events. FA-mediated oxidative stress is an important mechanism that has been associated with the induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersion of sperm chromatin and reproductive parameters induced by exposure to .0 ± 7.87, respectively; P = 0.0001). Histopathological alterations were evident, especially in the seminiferous tubules. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence concerning the genotoxicity of FA, with particular reference to the decreased sperm concentration and motility and increased dispersion of DNA chromatin in rats.

For the EPD, different voltages and different times were used. Male rats were used in four groups (n=3) with different treatments. The blood sample was obtained for genotoxic analysis and liver and kidney organs were removed for histopathological analysis. The amount of NPs TiO2 deposited on the samples of the arches increases gradually in the times of 15 and 30 s. At all voltages, however, at 45, 60, 75, and 90 s, there is an increase up to 25 V. Cell viability in lymphocytes treated with TiO2 NPs did not cause genotoxicity. In the histopathological findings of hepatic and renal tissue, nuclear alterations and necrosis were observed. The objective of the study was to improve the physical and biocompatibility characteristics of the NiTi arches for which the EPD is used. The technique for the deposition of TiO2 NPs was used, where this technique could be used as an economical and versatile way to perform homogeneous depositions even on surfaces with the complexity of the NiTi alloy. As for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, we continue to have controversial results.

ABSTRACT. At present, the use of nanoparticles is a controversial topic, especially when analyzing their effects in human tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) can cause oxidative stress by increasing membrane lipids peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, and decreasing intracellular glutathione. Oxidative stress plays an important role in cell signaling ) and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) NPs dissolved in saline solution were administered orally to the rats. Cardiac puncture was performed to extract peripheral blood for genotoxic analysis. DNA fragmentation for lymphocytes was performed. Control rats showed a fragmentation percentage of 11.20 ± 2.16%. Rats exposed to SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 NPs for 24 h showed statistically significant differences in DNA fragmentation percentages as compared with that of the control group. A lineal dose-response correlation between genotoxic damage and exposure to SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 NPs was found (r 2 = 0.99 and 0.98 for SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 , respectively). In conclusion, we found that exposure to Fe 2 O 3 and SiO 2 NPs can cause DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.

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Evaluación de la Actividad Antioxidante de Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Chaya), Euphorbia prostrata (Hierba de la Golondrina) y Jatropha dioica (Sangre de Drago) en Ratas Wistar Inducidas a Hiperglicemia Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Chaya), Euphorbia prostrata (Herb of the Swallow) and Jatropha dioica (Drago blood) in Wistar rats Induced to Hyperglycemia

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