Osmotolerant rhizobacterial isolates were used as inoculants for rice under different drought conditions in a greenhouse. Rice was grown on a Regosol, under either sterile or non-sterile conditions, in which the water level was adjusted to 80% and 40% of field capacity. Rice seed was inoculated with osmotolerant rhizobacterial isolates (isolates Al-19, A82, and M7b) and grown until the plant reached maximum vegetative phase (86 days from seed sowing). Inocula used were: Al-19 plus A82, Al-19 plus M7b, A82 plus M7b, and a mixture of 3 isolates. Under sterile conditions, inoculation of rice with the different inocula resulted in an increase in shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and number of tillers of 0–45.72%, 0.62–79.67%, and 0– 61.11%, respectively. Under non-sterile condition, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and number of tillers increased by 19.66–28.04%, 14.00–91.33%, and 14.29–157.14%, respectively. The study also demonstrated that the role of osmotolerant rhizobacteria was more pronounced at 40% field capacity than 80% field capacity.
Copper resistant bacteria can be isolated from environments where copper levels are abundant from mining, industrial, or agricultural activities. The aim of this work was to study the molecular and physiologicalcharacteristics of indigenous copper resistant bacteria isolated from activated sludge in an industrial wastewatertreatment plant in Surabaya, Indonesia. The bacterial isolates were designated as strains IrC1, IrC2, and IrC4. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified isolates IrC1, IrC2, and IrC4 as Acinetobacter oleivorans (98.41% similarity), Acinetobacter pitii (97.22% similarity), and Cupriavidus pauculus (96.99 similarity), respectively. The addition of 5 mM of CuSO4 in the medium affected morphological 4 appearance of all isolates to green and undulate margin might be due to the survival mechanism of bacteria by absorbing the copper. This studies indicated that copper resistance mechanism of all isolates was facilitated through the bioaccumulation of copper inside the cell, especially on the membrane fraction and inside the cytoplasm, albeit at a limited amount. It was observed that isolates IrC1, IrC2, and IrC4 were capable of accumulating 137.23 , 364.66 , and 272.07 mg L-1 of copper, respectively from the medium containing 8 mM CuSO4. The capability of isolates IrC1, IrC2, and IrC4 to accumulate copper can be exploited in bioremediation 4 process for removing copper from industrial sewage
<p>Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 is a copper-resistant bacteria isolated from activated sludge in an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant in Rungkut-Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to study the potency of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 as a bioremediation agent for copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium. Resistance of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to heavy metals were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Accumulation of copper, cadmium, and lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 showed multiple resistance to heavy metals. The MICs of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium were 16 mM, 15 mM, 6 mM, and 5 mM, respectively. The growth of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 was inhibited by the addition of CuSO4 in the medium. The bacteria survived in the presence of high copper concentration as shown by the extension of the lag phase up to 36 hours. The analysis demonstrated that the copper resistance of the bacteria was facilitated through the accumulation of copper. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 accumulated up to 367.78 and 260.01 mg/gram dry weight of cells of copper and lead, respectively. The bacteria demonstrated growth in the medium containing the mixture of 0.5 mM copper, lead, cadmium and accumulated those heavy metals up to 0.14, 24.74, and 12.49 mg/g dry weight of cells, respectively. The high resistance and capability of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to accumulate heavy metals can be exploited in bioremediation process for removing heavy metals from industrial sewage. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Accumulation, copper, Cupriavidus sp. IrC4,heavy metals, resistance.</p>
To examine the phosphatase alkaline activity of VA mycorrhizal fungi in the rizhosphere and in root, teak seedlings inoculated spores of VA mycorrhizal fungi were grown in sterilized soils. Teak seedlings were fertilized with NPK fertilizer consisting three levels, i.e. 0; 0.0625; 0.125 g per seedling. Phosphatase alkaline in rizhosphere was measured in terms of pNP on soil dry weight basis, meanwhile alkaline phosphatase activity in roots were quantified in using method developed by Tisserant. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase activity increased on inoculated seedlings compare to with uninoculated. NPK fertilization of 0.0625 g per seedling and inoculation on teak seedlings showed alkaline phosphatase activity in range 90-201 EU, and in roots indicated in range 14-72%. Gigaspora sp inoculation on teak seedlings was showing the highest of alkaline phosphatase activity. Increasing phosphatase alkaline activity relevant to hyphae growth, and increasing of root infection decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation increased seedling dry weight.
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS EC 2.3.1.14) plays an important role in partition of assimilated carbon in most plants. SPS catalyses the penultimate reaction in the pathway of sucrose synthesis, in which sucrose-6-phosphate (Suc6P) is synthesized from UDPglucose (UDPG) and fructose-6-P (Fru6P). To increase the capacity of sugarcane in sucrose synthesis, spindle leaves of sugarcane cv R579 were transformed with cDNA SoSPS1 from sugarcane under the control of constitutive promoter (35S CaMV) that constructed in pBI 121 (pKYS) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Based on PCR analysis, we have detected the existence of SPS transgene in some lines of transformed sugarcane, called line 4, 5, 6, and 7. The SPS transgene in transformed sugarcane could be expressed into translation level and increased the amount of leaves SPS protein, so the activity of leaves SPS was higher than wild type sugarcane as control. The transformed sugarcane line 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed 1.4–2.9 fold increases in SPS activity and 1,76–2,2 fold increases in leaves sucrose content. Increasing in SPS activity in transgenic sugarcane was coupled by the increase in invertase activity and ratio between sucrose and starch content.
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