An investigation into the composite or colinear form of the Müller-Lyer illusion, with one shaft adjustable by subjects, was carried out using black-on-white and CRT displays. Three fin-angle and two fin-length conditions were examined for both configurations of this figure, i.e., arrow-headed and feather-headed standards. Adaptations of the Müller-Lyer figure were also studied. Framing effects influenced the extent of this illusion. A highly consistent illusion error for balanced-field conditions, based on the formula k L cos A can be predicted which relates closely to previous experimenters' observed illusory errors and gives a remarkably simple explanation for this illusion.
Three experiments are described which studied the ability of readers of engineering drawings to solve simple dimension problems as a function of the layout of dimensional information. Different dimensional layouts were compared for (i) different types of object drawn, (ii) different types of dimension problem requiring solution, and (iii) undergraduates and experienced draughtsmen. The results showed that (i) there is an interaction between the type of problem the reader tries to solve and the type of drawn object, (ii) drawing variables additional to the geometry of the object drawn influence a reader's ability to extract dimension information rapidly and correctly, (iii) there are individual differences in performance but all subjects studied in these experiments were affected in a very similar manner by changes in the layout of dimensional information and changes in the type of object drawn, and (iv) there is limited support for a hybrid form of ' abstracted " dimensioning.
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