Dimensional Information on Engineering Drawings

Cheney, R. L.; Spencer, Joe

doi:10.1080/00140137408931359

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are established practices for annotations on engineering drawings including the papers of Spencer, Milnes-Walker, Cheney [4,10,9] and Hillyard and Braid. [6,7] In this object-oriented approach, objects are dimensioned according to theii type: pipes have their length indicated, welds (connections) are numbered, elbows and tees are not dimensioned directly but are incorporated in the pipes to which they are attached, etc.…”

Section: What Gets Dimensioned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Vivier¹,

Simmons²,

Masline³

1988

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Exp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I. AbstractAnnotator is a prototype to investigate the application of AI techniques to the annotation of engineering drawings. In particular, Annotator addresses drawings of piping systems such as those for chemical plants or waste treatment facilities. The isometric representation of the piping system is selected because it is the most numerous type of drawing in plant design. Knowledge contained in hierarchies represents the CAD model of the piping system, features of the model and features of the drawing. Production rules about relationships among model items and features make annotation decisions, creating instances in a hierarchy of drawing annotations. Issues in geometry such as parallelism and perpendicularity and the translation of the 3-D model world into the 2-D drawing representation are addressed. Algorithms determine geometric intersections; rules specify whether intersections between given object classes are considered acceptable. Although Annotator prototype is separate from the CAD/CAM environment, the Annotator prototype illustrates the potential for fully automating the annotation process through representation of the knowledge about a piping model and its dimensioning requirements within a rulebased, object-oriented hierarchy.

show abstract

Section: What Gets Dimensioned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Vivier¹,

Simmons²,

Masline³

1988

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Exp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers can play a useful role as change agents in questioning and testing established practice. Some recent experiments on the effectiveness of different projections and labels are perhaps a start to this process of critical i mprovement (Spencer, 1973;Cheney & Spencer, 1974).…”

Section: Examples Of Diagram Formats Used In Job-support Documentatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

2: Graphics in Texts

Macdonald-Ross

1977

Review of Research in Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To the scientific mind it is most annoying to have to deal with phenomena that cannot be formulated in a way that is satisfactory to intellect and logic.Carl Jung INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about the effective use of graphic devices in texts and other instructional materials. Information about graphic devices comes mainly from two sources: the experience of skilled graphic communicators and the formal laboratory experiments of applied psychologists. Both these sources have been consulted for this review. To keep it to a reasonable length I discuss what I think are the central issues and leave other questions untouched. It may be useful for researchers to consult the recent bibliography by Macdonald-Ross and Smith (1977), which lists all the relevant research known to me as I write this review.Graphic devices have been invented by humans to help represent, explain, and control the world in which they live. Ordinary language (verbal and gestural) is our primary means of communication, but there are many tasks for which it is ill-suited. We cannot do without mathematical and musical notations, scientific diagrams, tables, and maps. Some such systems of representation are essential to us, as they have been to all civilized cultures since LAWRENCE T. FRASE, National Institute of Education, and GEORGE R. KLARE, Ohio University, were the editorial consultants for this chapter. I would like to thank Professor Brian Lewis and Dr. Tom Sticht for their helpful suggestions. 49 at UNIV OF PITTSBURGH on June 19, 2015 http://rre.aera.net Downloaded from 50 Review of Research in Education, 5the first city-states. The relationship between language and graphics is complex and subtle; it deserves much more attention from scholars than it has so far received. Gombrich (1972) has spelled out some of the basic issues, and the broad history of graphic communication is given in Hogben (1949).The first sentence of this review introduced some key terms that need clarification: texts, graphic devices, and effective use. A text is a printed or written book or document: marks on paper. The interest lies in what is being said (the content), how it is interpreted and used by readers, and how the organization of the content affects the reader. Thus this review deals with a matter of great general interest (how we communicate information to each other) in a special setting (the printed text and its reader). Much of the review also applies, with certain qualifications, to other media such as film, television, and computer graphics, though these connections will not be spelled out explicitly.The term graphics is not exact, but it is still the best word to describe alternatives to prose. In this review graphics is meant to exclude ordinary language and its derivatives (such as poetry and Basic English). Also this review does not deal with decorative illustration, fine art, or advertisements. Many of the graphic devices dealt with here are pleasing to the eye, and no doubt this does help to attract attention...

show abstract

Knowledge-based automatic dimensioning

Bond

Ahmed

1989

Artificial Intelligence in Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A knowledge-based system, for automatically dimensioning a given 3D CAD model, is described. It was found that 1. dimensioning should preferably be based upon manufacturing features which are sets of surfaces in specified 3d relationships 2. several different kinds of rules are needed (a) for each feature, rules for generation of dimensions onto sets of surfaces comprising it (b) for each surface, the generation of linear dimension forms (c) for each such form, the instantiation of the dimension onto an explicit 3d linear element (d) the selection of 3d linear elements to express in 2d views, and the selection of views to use (e) the layout of the 2d dimensions generated. 3. a large amount of redundancy occurred, which had to be managed and retained, until final decision on selection and placement of 2D dimensions were made. The system works by a sequence of applications of rules, which construct a set of prioritized goals connected by a network of redundancy relationships. Rules of types (a), (b) and (c) are successively applied, starting with the 3D model, to produce linear dimensioning goals, with redundancy relations among them. View selection and 2D layout involve rules of types (d) and (e), and a complex evaluation of each individual 2D dimensioning choice for each 3D linear dimensioning goal. The system was written in Prolog, using the UCLA CADLOG intelligent CAD system.

show abstract

Dimensional Information on Engineering Drawings

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

2: Graphics in Texts

Knowledge-based automatic dimensioning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About