The ergonomic study of engineering drawings

Spencer, Joe; Milnes-Walker, N.D.

doi:10.1016/0003-6870(71)90042-1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Annotator Performance Figures 2,9,10, and 11 show the changes made by Annotator to the drawing. In many cases, the results are acceptable.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are established practices for annotations on engineering drawings including the papers of Spencer, Milnes-Walker, Cheney [4,10,9] and Hillyard and Braid. [6,7] In this object-oriented approach, objects are dimensioned according to theii type: pipes have their length indicated, welds (connections) are numbered, elbows and tees are not dimensioned directly but are incorporated in the pipes to which they are attached, etc.…”

Section: What Gets Dimensioned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Vivier¹,

Simmons²,

Masline³

1988

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Exp

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I. AbstractAnnotator is a prototype to investigate the application of AI techniques to the annotation of engineering drawings. In particular, Annotator addresses drawings of piping systems such as those for chemical plants or waste treatment facilities. The isometric representation of the piping system is selected because it is the most numerous type of drawing in plant design. Knowledge contained in hierarchies represents the CAD model of the piping system, features of the model and features of the drawing. Production rules about relationships among model items and features make annotation decisions, creating instances in a hierarchy of drawing annotations. Issues in geometry such as parallelism and perpendicularity and the translation of the 3-D model world into the 2-D drawing representation are addressed. Algorithms determine geometric intersections; rules specify whether intersections between given object classes are considered acceptable. Although Annotator prototype is separate from the CAD/CAM environment, the Annotator prototype illustrates the potential for fully automating the annotation process through representation of the knowledge about a piping model and its dimensioning requirements within a rulebased, object-oriented hierarchy.

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“…Annotator Performance Figures 2,9,10, and 11 show the changes made by Annotator to the drawing. In many cases, the results are acceptable.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Gets Dimensioned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Vivier¹,

Simmons²,

Masline³

1988

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Exp

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“…The Spencer model [29] enables to calculate the DNI extra with the solar constant equal to 1370 W m À2 . The relative airmass (AM rel ) is calculated by the Kasten model [30] and the altitude of the installation is deducted from the EU-DEM database.…”

Section: Decomposition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate Change on Photovoltaic Performance: Case Study in French Cities

Mathieu,

Thebault,

Kraiem

et al. 2023

Solar RRL

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With the photovoltaic (PV) market significantly growing thanks to the support of environmental incentives, it is essential to address the influence of climate change on PV performances. In the literature, several methodologies have been suggested to measure the effect of climate change through module temperature losses and natural degradation rates, but no work has been found to combine both of them. This article tackles this issue through a numerical approach in order to quantify to which extent climate change impacts the performance of a PV installation over its lifetime. The methodology has been applied in different French cities where climate change is found to have a moderate effect on the performance ratio.

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“…We designed a structure of dimensioning goals forming a goal tree, with goals linked also by a rich network of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 1989, Vol. 4, No. 1 37 redundancy constraints.…”

Section: The Software Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge-based automatic dimensioning

Bond

Ahmed

1989

Artificial Intelligence in Engineering

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A knowledge-based system, for automatically dimensioning a given 3D CAD model, is described. It was found that 1. dimensioning should preferably be based upon manufacturing features which are sets of surfaces in specified 3d relationships 2. several different kinds of rules are needed (a) for each feature, rules for generation of dimensions onto sets of surfaces comprising it (b) for each surface, the generation of linear dimension forms (c) for each such form, the instantiation of the dimension onto an explicit 3d linear element (d) the selection of 3d linear elements to express in 2d views, and the selection of views to use (e) the layout of the 2d dimensions generated. 3. a large amount of redundancy occurred, which had to be managed and retained, until final decision on selection and placement of 2D dimensions were made. The system works by a sequence of applications of rules, which construct a set of prioritized goals connected by a network of redundancy relationships. Rules of types (a), (b) and (c) are successively applied, starting with the 3D model, to produce linear dimensioning goals, with redundancy relations among them. View selection and 2D layout involve rules of types (d) and (e), and a complex evaluation of each individual 2D dimensioning choice for each 3D linear dimensioning goal. The system was written in Prolog, using the UCLA CADLOG intelligent CAD system.

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The ergonomic study of engineering drawings

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Annotator: an AI approach to engineering drawing annotation

Impact of Climate Change on Photovoltaic Performance: Case Study in French Cities

Knowledge-based automatic dimensioning

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