In the present study, natural deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and ascorbic acid (CHCL/AA NADES) was formulated for enhancing the solubility and antioxidant properties of antioxidant extracts from fruit wastes of Mangifera pajang. The solubilities of Mangifera pajang's antioxidant extracts in water and CHCL/AA NADES at different water contents (0 -50 wt%) were investigated. It was observed that the antioxidant extracts were most soluble in the CHCL/AA NADES with 10 wt% of water, and the concentration of antioxidant was found to be approximately 15% and 4% as compared to water and pure CHCL/AA NADES, respectively. The positive effect of water on NADES can be related to the reduced viscosity of NADES, where the viscosity decreased up to 74% upon addition of water. Aside from that, all the tested CHCL/AA NADES enhanced the antioxidant capacity of antioxidant extracts by 1.3-14.64% compared to the antioxidant extracts in water. This finding highlights the role of CHCL/AA NADES as an antioxidant capacity enhancer.Noteworthy, the antioxidant extracts solubilized in the CHCL/AA NADES system formed a nano-scale cluster structure, as depicted by the TEM image, suggesting that the CHCL/AA NADES could potentially use in nanoformulation that provides protection to the antioxidant extracts.
Nonminimum-phase (NMP) processes
are frequently encountered in
chemical plants, where the presence of right half-plane zeros and
time delays often imposes limitations on the achievable control performance.
In this article, a new multiscale control scheme for controlling NMP
processes is introduced. The novelty of the proposed scheme is to
decompose a given plant into a sum of basic factors/modes having distinct
speeds of responses. Then, an individual subcontroller is specifically
designed to control each of these plant modes. Finally, an overall
multiscale controller is synthesized by combining all of the subcontrollers
in a way that enhances good cooperation among the different modes,
which is an essential feature for good control performance and robustness.
Extensive numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed scheme can
provide better nominal performance and performance robustness than
some well-established control schemes.
In this paper, we address dynamic controllability of the two different designs of extractive fermentation process, namely one-stage and two-stage designs. The operating conditions that maximize yields and productivity for both designs are determined by optimization using the method of factorial design and response surface analysis. The results show that in terms of the achievable yield and productivity, the performance of the two-stage design is comparable to that of the single-stage, but the former design leads to a significant reduction in the fermentor size required. Furthermore, we analyze the dynamic controllability of the two designs of extractive fermentation process using a so-called control relevant metrics to examine their closed-loop dynamic performance in the face of uncertainty. This analysis reveals that the single-stage design has more favorable dynamic controllability than the two-stage design.
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