Herbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae) are typical components of Neotropical forests, with a great diversity in Brazil. Olyreae comprise three subtribes, of which Olyrinae are the most heterogeneous, with 19 genera widely distributed in Brazilian biomes but also occurring in Mexico, Central America and northern and western South America. One of the lineages of this group is composed of the genera Raddia and Sucrea, the relationships of which were recently studied. Although Raddia was clearly monophyletic, the three Sucrea spp. displayed incongruence between the plastid and nuclear genomes. In the present study, we increased taxon sampling and included additional DNA regions [ITS, rpl32–trnL, trnD–trnT and trnS–(psbZ)–trnG] and used macro- and micromorphological characters to investigate the relationships in this group. The analyses involved maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood estimation methods. The three species traditionally assigned to Sucrea are confined to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and represent two lineages, one sister to Raddia and composed of S. monophylla (the type species) and S. maculata, with open panicles, microechinate-areolate pollen and a distribution from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro states. The other lineage, sister to Raddia + Sucrea, is composed of an unusual species with contracted panicles, microechinate-rugulate pollen and conspicuous tuberous roots; this is endemic to Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo states. This species, traditionally known as S. sampaiana, is here transferred to the new genus Brasilochloa (as B. sampaiana). It is a rare lineage, currently endangered with extinction, as is the case for a number of herbaceous bamboos occurring in the Atlantic Forest.

Anomochlooideae (Poaceae) represent the earliest-diverging extant lineage of grasses. One of the two genera is the monotypic Anomochloa, which is extremely rare and restricted to the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia state in Brazil, where only two natural populations have been recorded to date. Knowledge of A. marantoidea is considered crucial to understanding evolutionary and diversification patterns in Poaceae. Despite this, knowledge of the biology and distribution of A. marantoidea remain incomplete, and thus the conservation of this poorly known species is problematic. We used niche modelling to estimate its current distribution and assess potential ranges in situ to explore new occurrences. In addition, genetic diversity and the factors that disrupt gene flow between populations of this species were estimated using molecular markers. Two new populations were documented; the modelled ecological niche indicates high climatic restriction, but also revealed suitable sites for the establishment of new populations. Genetic diversity is correlated to population size, and genetic structure analysis suggests recent fragmentation and low gene flow among the remaining populations, which exhibit high levels of inbreeding. These levels also indicate the capacity of A. marantoidea to respond favourably to selection and, thus, that a conservation plan could be designed to maintain the current genetic diversity.

Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

Species delimitation in herbaceous bamboos has been complex and, in some genera, a great part of its diversity has been confirmed only based on genetic information, as is the case of the genus Raddia. It includes nine species, all occurring in Brazil, but only R. portoi predominates in dry forests of the Northeast associated with the Caatinga phytogeographic domain. This species is morphologically close to R. angustifolia, which is known for a single location in the Atlantic Forest in Southern Bahia, and is considered to be threatened by extinction. Besides problems with taxonomic focus, actions for its conservation are complicated because it is not certain if it must be considered an independent species or included in the more widespread R. portoi. In this study, we used coalescent multispecies (MSC) theory approaches combined with genetic structure analyses in an attempt to delimit these two species. Different analyses were congruent and the species delimitation using MSC inferred distinct lineages supporting their recognition as two species. These results solved the taxonomic doubts and also showed the power of these approaches to delimit species as lineages, even in groups with weak morphological divergence and low genetic variability, and also impacting our knowledge for conservation purposes.

As causas externas apresentam distribuição desigual entre diferentes grupos populacionais. Esta pesquisa buscou verificar se há diferença nos óbitos por causas externas entre médicos e advogados, profissões de um mesmo grupo socioeconômico. Foi realizado um estudo transversal dos laudos de necropsias realizadas em médicos e advogados no IML-BH no período de 2006 a 2012. Foram analisados 107 laudos, sendo 39 de médicos (36%) e 68 de advogados (64%). Em ambos os grupos houve predominância de indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade superior a 49 anos e a maioria vivia sozinha. As principais circunstâncias dos óbitos nos dois grupos foram acidentes de trânsito, suicídio e homicídio, nesta ordem de prevalência. Como não houve diferença estatística na maioria das variáveis analisadas e o poder do estudo foi inferior a 80%, não foi possível com os dados avaliados afirmar diferenças nos óbitos por causas externas entre as duas ocupações. Apesar deste estudo não apresentar poder suficiente para demonstrar associação entre a circunstância do óbito e a profissão, sua relevância encontra-se na descrição do perfil epidemiológico destes profissionais em relação às mortes por causas externas. O seu conhecimento pode orientar ações preventivas em relação a essa causa de mortalidade, contribuindo para medidas de saúde pública.

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