Objective: to evaluate the epidemiological profile of deaths due to abdominal trauma at the Forensic Medicine Institute of Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of the reports of deaths due to abdominal trauma autopsied from 2006 to 2011. Results: we analyzed 1.888 necropsy reports related to abdominal trauma. Penetrating trauma was more common than blunt one and gunshot wounds were more prevalent than stab wounds. Most of the individuals were male, brown-skinned, single and occupationally active. The median age was 34 years. The abdominal organs most injured in the penetrating trauma were the liver and the intestines, and in blunt trauma, the liver and the spleen. Homicide was the most prevalent circumstance of death, followed by traffic accidents, and almost half of the cases were referred to the Forensic Medicine Institute by a health unit. The blood alcohol test was positive in a third of the necropsies where it was performed. Cocaine and marijuana were the most commonly found substances in toxicology studies. Conclusion: in this sample. there was a predominance of penetrating abdominal trauma in young, brown and single men, the liver being the most injured organ.
Resumo.A violência sexual está presente em todo o mundo, acomete ambos os sexos e ocorre em todas as culturas e classes sociais. As mulheres são as principais vítimas de abuso sexual (AS), considerado um importante problema de saúde pública pelas possíveis consequências que pode gerar para a saúde. Nos casos de AS a perícia médico-legal possui o papel de buscar elementos materiais importantes na correta investigação do ocorrido, além de participar da rede integrada de atendimento à vítima. Em decorrência das lacunas no entendimento epidemiológico do AS em adultos objetivou-se analisar os laudos periciais de sexologia forense em um contexto geográfico específico, para melhor compreender as características dos periciados e os achados periciais.
Abstract. Neck trauma is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To establish the profile of death by neck trauma in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (BH), Brazil, fatal cases subjected to necropsy at the Forensic Medicine Institute of BH 2006 to 2012 were evaluated. A total of 541 necropsy reports were analyzed; most victims were male (82%), single (70%) and non-white (72%). Almost half of the victims were under 30 years old (47%).Penetrating neck trauma was the most prevalent injury (74%), mainly caused by firearm projectiles (54%), and most cases were of homicide victims (67%). Alcohol consumption before death and positive drug tests were found in almost half of the cases (42% and 45%, respectively). Establishing the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of victims as well the intrinsic characteristics of this type of trauma are potentially relevant for identifying the highrisk population and for elaborating intervention strategies.
A Antropologia Forense é o ramo pericial no qual há a aplicação dos conhecimentos da antropologia física ao contexto médico legal. Quando o material a ser periciado envolve corpos carbonizados (CC), o conhecimento antropológico forense será essencial nesta análise. Perícias realizadas em CC apresentam grandes dificuldades técnicas, pois a destruição de partes do corpo pode prejudicar a análise antropológica, bem como a identificação do material periciado. Neste trabalho são apresentados dois casos de vítimas de colisões automobilísticas envolvendo os principais aspectos técnicos da autopsia de CC, com ênfase na integração entre os conhecimentos médico legais e datiloscópicos. Nos casos relatados a análise antropológica conseguiu determinar os sexos e estimar as idades ósseas. Em um deles a causa médica da morte permaneceu indeterminada e no outro foi estabelecida como politraumatismo contuso. As mãos direitas apresentavam os dedos fletidos, o que preservou parcialmente as respectivas polpas digitais da ação térmica. As técnicas utilizadas no preparo das luvas epidérmicas manuais permitiram a obtenção de adequadas impressões digitais reveladas, que ao serem comparadas com impressões padrão identificaram ambos os corpos. Os dois casos destacam a importância do trabalho integrado entre diversas áreas de conhecimento para a análise forense de CC e sua identificação.
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