Desiccation-rehydration experiments have been employed over the years to evaluate the desiccation tolerance of bryophytes (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta). Researchers have applied a spectrum of protocols to induce desiccation and rehydrate plants after desiccation. Furthermore, a wide variety of techniques have been used to study desiccation-dependent changes in bryophyte molecular, cellular, physiological and structural traits, resulting in a multifaceted assortment of information that is challenging to synthesize. We analyzed 337 desiccation/rehydration studies providing information for 351 species to identify the most frequent methods used, analyze the advancements in desiccation studies over the years and characterize the taxonomic representation of the species assessed. The steady increase in the number of publications has been associated with the number of traits measured as new experimental techniques have been introduced. We observed certain similarities across methodologies, but nevertheless, the degree of convergence among the experimental protocols was surprisingly low. Thus, individual studies were largely unique, complicating comparative generalizations. Although the desiccation responses have been studied in detail in some model species, the overall taxonomic coverage of desiccation responses is poor. Out of 52 bryophyte orders, 40% have not been studied at all, and the data are lacking for multiple remote or difficult to access locations. We conclude that for quantitative interspecific comparisons of desiccation tolerance, rigorous standardization of experimental protocols and measurement techniques is needed. In addition, simultaneous use of an array of experimental techniques is required to gain a mechanistic insight into the relevance of different traits modified in response to desiccation and to assess the timing of different processes from molecular to whole plant level. For prediction of bryophyte community responses to current and future environmental stresses, new studies should also aim to fill gaps in taxonomic, ecological and spatial coverage of bryophytes.

ResumoSistemas de informação em biodiversidade são fontes para estudos de inestimável valor científico e cultural. O gerenciamento de coleções etnobotânicas de plantas terapêuticas é fundamental no apoio às políticas de gestão patrimonial da biodiversidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a Coleção de Plantas Medicinais da Amazônia do Herbário Profª Drª Marlene Freitas da Silva -MFS, destacando o sistema de informação e organização dos dados das espécies, localidades e usos tradicionais, como forma de contribuir na documentação de patrimônios da biodiversidade. Realizou-se excursões de campo em comunidades ribeirinhas, quilombolas, periurbanas, extrativistas, feiras livres e mercados, para coleta de plantas e produtos, de informações do perfil sócio econômico dos interlocutores e d e dados etnobotânicos relacionados. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rutaceae e Anacardiaceae foram as famílias mais representativas, com 14 espécies presentes em listas de indicação e descrição de medicamentos e fármacos do Ministério da Saúde, com eficácia comprovada quanto ao uso. A fototeca abriga cerca de 700 imagens, enquanto a coleção de drogas é formada por 280 amostras. Incorporou-se 105 produtos de uso terapêutico. A integração dos dados presentes em uma coleção torna-se essencial para estudos farmacológicos, visto que pouco se conhece a respeito do uso e diversidade da flora amazônica. Palavras IntroduçãoO sistema de informação em biodiversidade são fontes para estudos e pesquisas de inestimável valor.Biodiversidade e infraestrutura não apenas aprimoram o acesso à informações como também contribuem como suporte para educação, instrumento de proteção e apoio às políticas de gestão, dentre outros. Além do mais, esses bancos de dados, pertencentes às instituições diversas, coletivamente somam conhecimentos dos espécimes coletados e das informações associadas.Os herbários, instrumentos pró-ativos de pesquisa, desempenham papel fundamental no que diz respeito à conservação da biodiversidade ex situ, atuando como uma ferramenta de amplo significado para o ensino, pesquisa e extensão (CANHOS, CANHOS e SOUZA, 2006;COSTA et al., 2016). Cada exsicata agrega informações taxonômicas, fitogeográficas,ecológicas e etnofarmacológicas de determinado local, seu conjunto, caracteriza a biodiversidade vegetal de uma região (PEIXOTO et al., 2009 Para coleta dos dados com os interlocutores das pesquisas foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados (ALBUQUERQUE, LUCENA e CUNHA, 2010) visando obter informações diversas, como o perfil socioeconômico dos moradores, problemáticas ambientais, modos de vida, identificação das espécies úteis e/ou medicinais conhecidas, seus usos e formas de preparo. Nas feiras livres e mercados buscou-se também a forma de comercialização, conhecimento em relação ao uso e posologia das plantas e procedência.O material botânico foi coletado por meio de "turnês guiadas" (ALBUQUERQUE, LUCENA e CUNHA, 2010) visando a certificação quanto ao nome popular e uso medicinal. Juntamente, foram f...

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Brejos de altitude' is an ecosystem that has been subjected to severe exploitation, leading to an intense reduction in Brazil. Understanding the patterns of bryophyte diversity and composition, particularly of specialized species such as the epiphylls, to anthropic and abiotic variables is crucial for implementing protection measures.• We investigated the relationship between composition and diversity of epiphyllous bryophytes and anthropic (edge effects) and abiotic (altitude) variables at local (within each 'Brejo') and regional (set of three 'Brejos') scale. Abiotic and anthropic variables were correlated with alpha and beta diversity (decomposed into species replacement and richness differences) using GLM. Their effects on species composition were evaluated using PERMANOVA.• The localities at higher elevations harboured a richer bryoflora and overall beta diversity patterns were associated with altitude and locality, which acted over different scales. Regionally, the contribution of richness differences was limited with increasing altitude. Yet, dissimilarities among localities were associated with richness differences and replacement, denoting the importance of local factors. The composition was explained by local factors interacting with the regional altitudinal gradient. Anthropic activity was significant only when interacting with local factors and altitudinal gradient.• Environmental filtering associated with altitude played a more important role in shaping the diversity and composition of epiphyllous bryophytes, at both regional and local scales. Each 'Brejo' acts as an ecological refuge, harbouring part of the whole environmental gradient, and presents a unique floristic composition. Moreover, partitioning beta diversity highlighted the interplay of local and regional forces shaping diversity patterns.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the richness, composition and spatial distribution of bryophytes occurring in Mosqueiro Island, in the Amazon forest. Forty-one 100-m² plots in 37 flooded and 4 non-flooded environments were selected for data collection, all substrate found were considered. The results were compared with surveys in other islands from the state of Pará and were analyzed according to frequency of populations, colonized substrates, light tolerance guilds, and distribution in Brazilian biomes. Ninety-seven species were recorded, distributed in 36 genera and 17 families, being 57 (58.7%) liverwort and 40 (41.2%) moss species. The rare species stood out with 53 species (54.08%). High similarity was observed between corticolous and epixylic communities, and between the terricolous community and the bryophytes found growing on charcoal, which is an artificial substrate. In relation to light tolerance guilds, generalist species prevailed (52 species, 53.6%). As for phytogeographic distribution, there was a predominance of taxa with occurrence in the Amazon and Atlantic rainforest (35 species, 37.11%). Ceratolejeunea ceratantha is reported for the first time for the state of Pará. The level of anthropization in the island was showed mainly by high richness and occurrence of generalist species underscores and well-adapted species to stressed conditions, evidencing changes in the bryophyte community structure.

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