Environmental learning in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires 21st-Century learning innovation which promotes Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of which ILMIZI is the potential learning model. The purpose of this study was to measure the students’ HOTS using HOTS Assessment based on Environmental Problem of COVID-19 (HOTS-AEP-COVID-19) and describe the syntax of ILMIZI model for the implementation of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research subjects used were 172 senior high school students randomly selected from Bekasi City in several schools. The descriptive research used online survey as the data collection technique. The results showed that the students HOTS scores measured using HOTS-AEP-COVID-19 were still in very low category either for all students (22.83) or male students (21.32) and female students (23.82). Hence, the ILMIZI model need further evaluation to be implemented as an alternative for the 21st-Century environmental learning.
Environmental education amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires innovation. The pandemic situation need to improving student attitudes in maintaining the environment need an improvement by conducting various innovations and one of them is ILMIZI learning model utilization. The research aim was to improve student attitudes with the ILMIZI model. The research method is experimental without a control class. Samples involved in the research consist of 61 students with a treatment of environmental learning using the ILMIZI model. The Instrument used in this research was the attitude instrument with a scale of 1-5. The research results suggest that t-value (.231) > t-statistic (1.67) indicating that the ILMIZI model is not yet effective in improving the students’ attitudes in maintaining the environment. The pretest score (83.80) and post-test score (83.62) are not significantly different. The conclusion drawn from the research is that the ILMIZI model has not effective in improving student attitudes in maintaining the environment during COVID-19.
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant known in Brazil as “melão de São Caetano”, which has been related to many therapeutic applications in folk medicine. Herein, we describe antibacterial activities and related metabolites for an extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of that species. An ethanolic extract and its three fractions were used to perform in vitro antibacterial assays. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the molecular networking approach were used for the metabolite annotation process. Overall, 25 compounds were annotated in the ethanolic extract from M. charantia leaves, including flavones, terpenes, organic acids, and inositol pyrophosphate derivatives. The ethanolic extract exhibited low activity against Proteus mirabilis (MIC 312.5 µg·mL−1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 625 µg·mL−1). The ethyl acetate phase showed interesting antibacterial activity (MIC 156.2 µg·mL−1) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and it was well justified by the high content of glycosylated flavones. Therefore, based on the ethyl acetate phase antibacterial result, we suggest that M. charantia leaves could be considered as an alternative antibacterial source against K. pneumoniae and can serve as a pillar for future studies as well as pharmacological application against the bacteria.
This paper aimed to study the quality of honey from genus Apis sp. and Melipona sp from Archipelago of Marajo. The honey was collected from two cities (Soure and Salvaterra). All samples were analyzed for their physicochemical composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and analyses of standard quality control of honey. All data were subjected to statistical analysis of Tukey (95%), Person correlation and Multivariate (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Grouping Analysis (HCA)). The study resulted in a significant antioxidant potential from Apis sp. (EC50 = 21.14 ± 142.90 µg.mL-1) and Melipona sp. (EC50 = 13.62 ± 198.11 µg.mL-1) by the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical sequestration method. All studied honey presented excellent quality and the presence of secondary metabolites belonging to the class of total phenolic (ranged 27.01 ± 1.01 to 56.09 ± 1.32 mg GAE.100 g-1). In relation to physicochemical and microbiological parameters, all the samples were adequate for use and consumption. The multivariate analysis proved to be a very useful tool for the analysis of different samples of honey. The honey quality is very important since Marajo is a region with great potential for honey production that needs standardization of those products, which deserve greater attention and appreciation.
O mel é rico em monossacarídeos de glicose e frutose e vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado como alimento, medicamento e conservantes; tornando-se necessário definir padrões de qualidade para este produto. O presente trabalho investigou o perfil microbiológico e físico-químico de méis dos municípios de Cachoeira do Ararí, e Salvaterra -PA, afim de padronizar os dados através dos testes de componentes principais e de agrupamentos. Foram analisadas dez amostras, obtendo-se os valores médios para cinzas (0,38%), acidez livre (28,77 meq.kg-1), umidade (22,25%) e cor com predominante âmbar-escuro (60%). Para bolores e leveduras, 20% das amostras estavam em acordo com a legislação nacional. A aplicação da técnica multivariada (PCA) aos parâmetros físico-químicos teve variância total 87,73%, onde CP1 apresentou forte influência entre os parâmetros cor e cinzas e a CP2 expressou correlações entre acidez e umidade. Considerando a influência da discriminação geográfica dos municípios, a análise (HCA) apresentou dois grupos distintos por grau de similaridade, com a menor distância euclidiana para o grupo I. A aplicação da técnica multivariada (PCA) aos parâmetros microbiológicos demonstrou maior agrupamento para as amostras do município de Cachoeira do Ararí, comprovando a variância de 56,78% (CP1) de aspectos fidedignos de cada município. O dendograma (HCA) confirma os aspectos discutidos em scores e loadings. A partir desses resultados, percebe-se a importância das análises estatísticas para determinar padrões de qualidade do mel de regiões distintas, uma vez que vários fatores influenciam na obtenção e comercialização deste produto.Palavras-chave: Mel de abelha, Análises Microbiológicas, Análises Físico-químicas, técnicas multivariadas (PCA e HCA).Honey is rich in monosaccharides glucose and fructose and is being increasingly used as food, medicine, and preservatives, which makes it necessary to set standards for the quality of this product. The present work investigated the profile of the microbiological and physical-chemical honeys in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Ararí, and Salvaterra -PA, in order to standardize the data through the tests of main components and grouping. Were analyzed ten samples, obtaining the average values for ash (0.38%), free acidity (28,77 meq.kg-1), humidity (22.25%) and color with dominant amber-dark (60%). For yeasts and molds, 20% of the samples were in accordance with national legislation. The application of the multivariate technique (PCA) to the physical-chemical parameters had variance total 87.73%, where CP1 showed a strong influence between the parameters of color and ashes, the CP2 expressed correlations between acidity and moisture. Considering the influence of the geographical breakdown of the municipalities in the analysis (HCA) showed two distinct groups by degree of similarity, with the smallest distance to the group I. The application of the multivariate technique (PCA) to the microbiological criteria demonstrated a higher grouping for the samples in the municipality of Cach...
Aiming to enrich the knowledge about the flora of savannas, this paper studied the composition and structure of the bryophyte community of Park Savanna areas in Marajó Island -PA. Biological material was collected within 60 100-m 2 plots equally distributed in the dry season of 2016 and the rainy season of 2017 in five Park Savanna areas (SP-I to SP-V). The composition, density, richness and diversity of species and presence of indicator species were compared between the sampled areas and seasons.The species were classified according to the substrates colonized and ecological groups of light tolerance. Significant differences in SP-V indicated that the area was the main factor influencing the composition of bryophytes (p: 0.0001), with five indicator species.There were also significant differences in density (p = 0.0001168) and richness (p = 0.0001317) of bryophytes between seasons (p-value = 0.3393; p-value = 0.04065; p: 0.1081).There was a predominance of generalist (25 spp.) and corticolous (728 individuals) species, which were widely distributed in the sampled areas. Therefore, the structure of the bryophyte communities was not influenced by seasonality, and this indicates that these plants are adapted to the environmental conditions.
Background and aims – Climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene altered the distribution of many species and even entire biomes, allowing some species to increase their range while others underwent reductions. Recent and ongoing anthropogenic climate change is altering climatic patterns very rapidly and is likely to impact species’ distributions over shorter timescales than previous natural fluctuations. Therefore, we aimed to understand how Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations might have shaped the current distribution of Holoregmia and explore its expected distribution under future climate scenarios. Material and methods – We modelled the potential distribution of Holoregmia viscida (Martyniaceae), a monospecific plant genus endemic to the semi-arid Caatinga Domain in Brazil. We used an ensemble approach to model suitable areas for Holoregmia under present conditions, Paleoclimatic scenarios, and global warming scenarios in 2050 and 2090. Key results – Holocene climates in most Caatinga were too humid for Holoregmia, which restricted its suitable areas to the southern Caatinga, similar to its current distribution. However, under global warming scenarios, the Caatinga is expected to become too dry for this lineage, resulting in a steady decline in the area suitable for Holoregmia and even its possible extinction under the most pessimistic scenario modelled. Conclusion – The predicted extinction of the ancient and highly specialized Holoregmia viscida highlights the possible consequences of climate change for some species of endemic Caatinga flora. Invaluable phylogenetic diversity may be lost in the coming decades, representing millions of years of unique evolutionary history and consequent loss of evolutionary potential to adapt to future environmental changes in semi-arid environments.
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