RESUMO -A área foliar possui correlação entre as atividades fotossintéticas e de transpirações das espécies vegetais, uma vez que esta reflete a capacidade da planta em interceptar as radiações e efetuar as trocas gasosas. Dessa forma, torna-se um importante indicativo da produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Tendo em vista a escassez de trabalhos sobre a estimativa da área foliar do abacaxizeiro, torna-se objetivo deste trabalho identificar equações para a determinação da área foliar do abacaxizeiro cv Vitória utilizando relações alométricas das plantas. Foram utilizadas 120 plantas de abacaxizeiro, coletadas aleatoriamente no momento da indução floral artificial, que ocorreu aos 270 dias após o plantio. Foram mensurados altura (h) e número de folhas (NF), comprimento (C) e largura (L) da folha "D" e o produto destas duas últimas variáveis (CxL). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e selecionou-se a equação que melhor se ajustou às correlações. A validação dos modelos utilizou 60 novas plantas, e os valores obtidos foram avaliados por meio do coeficiente de determinação (R 2 ), correlação de Pearson (r), erro médio (EA), erro médio absoluto (ERA) e raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RQME). O modelo que utilizou o produto das dimensões lineares (AF=19,298*(C x L)-559,9*) mostrou-se o mais adequado para a estimativa da área foliar do abacaxizeiro, devido aos baixos erros encontrados, alta correlação e fácil mensuração. Termos para indexação: abacaxi, dimensões lineares, biometria. LEAF AREA ESTIMATIVE OF PINEAPPLE (CV. VITORIA) USING ALLOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPSABSTRACT -The plant leaf area has correlation between the photosynthesis activity and plant transpiration, once reflect the plant capacity to intercept the radiation. Therefore can be an important indicative of productivity in agricultural crops. Front of the scarcity of studies about pineapple leaf area, this study aimed identify equations to determine the pineapple leaf area (cv Vitoria) by alometric relationships. 120 pineapples plants were used and collected at the moment of flower induction, 270 days after transplanting. Height (h) and number of leaves (NF), length (C) and width (L) of "D" leaf were measured. The product of length and width (CxL) was considered as an additional variable. The data was analyzed with regression analysis and was chose the equation that presented the best correlation. The model validation used 60 new plants and the results was evaluated by coefficient of determination (R2), Pearson correlation (r), mean error (EA), absolute mean error (ERA) and the root mean square error (RQME). The product of length and width like variable (AF=19,298*(CXL)-559,9*) was the best to determine the leaf area in the pineapple, with low errors, high correlation and facility on the measurement.

. As aplicações ocorreram em intervalos de 20 dias utilizando-se um sistema de irrigação localizada com gotejadores de vazão nominal de 4 L h -1 espaçados em 0,40 m. As doses de vinhaça aplicadas foram calculadas, seguindo recomendações da norma CETESB P4.231, de modo que o tratamento T4 suprisse a demanda por potássio do abacaxizeiro. A coleta da solução foi realizada por meio de extratores de cápsulas porosas após 30; 120 e 210 dias do início da aplicação da vinhaça e verificou-se que o aumento dos volumes de níveis aplicados resultou em maiores valores de Condutividade elétrica do solo (CEs) e concentrações de potássio (K) e nitrato (NO 3-), com maiores valores obtidos na camada de 0,20 m. Os resultados revelaram que o pH diminuiu à medida em que se aumentavam os volumes de vinhaça aplicados.Palavras-chave: Efluentes. Reuso de água. Lixiviação.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam extract on the removal of total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), in different filter media for treating wastewater of dairy cattle breeding (DCW). The moringa seed extract was obtained by grinding 50 g of seeds in one liter of distilled water and, after passing the solution through a quantitative paper filter of 25 microns, 60 mL of the extract were added to wastewater from cattle breeding before the filtration process in organic filters made of thin coal, bamboo leaves, eucalyptus leaves, gliricidia branches and sawdust. This was followed by the completely randomized experimental design, adopting a factorial of 5 x 2. Aliquots of filtered effluent were collected and the total solids (TS) concentrations, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined. It was found that the increase in the efficiency of removal of COD and total solids can be attributed to the coagulating power of the moringa seed extract, wherein the filter medium with bamboo leaves presented the best performance, showing potential for use as alternative filter material in the primary treatment of DCW.

RESUMOObjetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o desempenho de filtros orgânicos utilizando distintos materiais filtrantes, tais como o fino de carvão, serragem de madeira, ramos de gliricídia, folhas de eucalipto e folhas de bambu no tratamento da água residuária de bovinocultura de leite, considerando o uso do extrato de sementes de moringa como coagulante. Para isso, foram avaliados a eficiência dos filtros na remoção de sólidos totais (ST), sólidos em suspensão totais (SST) e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO). O processo de filtração foi realizado no laboratório de Recursos Hídricos do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e as análises laboratoriais foram realizadas no Laboratório do Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Pública, localizado na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. Foram adicionados 60 mL do extrato de moringa com concentração igual a 50 g L -1 à água residuária de bovinocultura antes da filtração. Após analisar os resultados, verificou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os valores de remoção de ST, SST e DQO obtidos dos distintos materiais filtrantes utilizando-se o extrato de moringa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of organic filters using different filter materials such as coal fine, sawdust, Gliricidia, eucalyptus leaves and bamboo leaves to treat

Jatropha is an oilseed culture that has been highlighted due some specific agronomic aspects. This plant produces high oil quantities in its seeds that is used for biodiesel production. One of the major challenges regarding to the Jatropha cultivation is the lack of information on many management techniques, especially the irrigation and pruning management in adult plants in southeastern Brazil. The objective of this study was to study the combined effect of irrigation history and different pruning on Jatropha plant growth and yield. The experiment was conducted during the 4 th year of Jatropha growing season at University of Sao Paulo experimental area in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in randomized block with four replications and treatments were considered the pruning type: No pruning (P1), pruning at 1.5 m high and 2 m canopy diameter (P2), pruning at 2 m high and 2 m canopy diameter (P3). In addition, two water conditions were also evaluated: Irrigated (I) and rainfed conditions (R). Plant growth (height and canopy diameter) and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated monthly and productive variables were determined at the end of the experiment. Irrigation history influenced canopy diameter, absolute growth rates for plant height and canopy diameter, the relative growth rate for canopy diameter, and all productive variables. Pruning provided differences in all growth variables, where P2 presented the highest average on plant growth rates. The plants under irrigation history conditions showed the highest yield.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de produção de pepino para conserva, foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três cultivares e dois manejos, adotando-se quatro repetições. As parcelas foram distribuídas em quatro linhas de plantio, via semeadura direta, com espaçamento de 1,50 m × 0,45 m entre plantas. Adotou-se dois manejos: manejo 1) sem desbrota e sem poda apical; manejo 2) com desbrota e com poda apical. Após 70 dias de plantio, avaliou-se massa fresca total de frutos por planta, número médio de frutos por planta e produtividade. Entre as cultivares, destacaram-se Marinda e Amour F1 para o manejo 1, com rendimentos de massa fresca total de 1762,75 g e 1026,71 g respectivamente, e 135,69 e 79,62 número médio de frutos por planta. No manejo 2, as cultivares Marinda e Eureka obtiveram melhor rendimento, sendo a massa fresca total 1966,94 g e 1605,31 g respectivamente, e 146,17 e 90,09 número médio de frutos por planta. A cultivar Marinda tanto para o manejo 1 quanto para o manejo 2 foi a que obteve a melhor produtividade. Entre as cultivares testadas, sugere-se o cultivo das cultivares Marinda e Eureka associada à poda e capação apical.

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The use of treated effluents rich in nutrients and organic matter has intensified in agricultural crops, contributing to the demand for water and fertilizers. The goal of this work was to assess the effects of fertigation with treated dairy cattle wastewater, for the cultivation of carrot (Daucus carota) when applied in four different doses, under field conditions, on nutrient accumulation, productivity, and health quality in the carrot (D. carota). Wastewater from treated cattle (WTC) was treated in a pilot treatment unit (PTU). Cultivation was carried out in two beds, and the WTC applied by drippers. Nitrogen (N) was considered the base element for the dose calculation, and a 100% N dose was equivalent to 150 kg ha−1. WTC doses of 0, 100, 200, and 300% N were evaluated. Productivity was evaluated at 70 and 120 days after sowing, in the aerial part (fresh and dry mass and accumulation of nutrients), in the main roots (fresh and dry mass, accumulation of nutrients, diameter, length, and sanitary quality), and as the total productivity of the two organs. As a result, an increase in productivity was observed for all treatments with WTC and accumulation of Ca and Mg. The roots did not present contamination; therefore, the carrots were fit for human consumption. It was concluded that the application of WTC in organic cultivation of carrots is a viable alternative means of plant fertilization, providing higher root productivity than the national average, reaching 72.6 t ha−1 for a dose of 100% N, without compromising on sanitary quality and is suitable for human and animal consumption.