Este trabalho foi desenvolvido visando a avaliar a resposta de cultivares de feijão-de-corda, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., à presença do pulgão-preto (Aphis craccivora Koch). Os experimentos foram conduzidos de agosto a outubro de 2004, em casa-de-vegetação da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). As cultivares foram: "Epace-10", "Epace-11", "Patativa", "Pingo de Ouro", "Pitiúba", "BR-10 Piauí", "BR-12 Canindé", "BR-14 Mulato" e "BR-17 Gurguéia". O experimento constou de três ensaios, cada um com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado. Os genótipos foram cultivados em copos plásticos de 300ml e mantidos em gaiolas protegidas por tela antiafídeos. As plantas foram infestadas após doze dias do plantio através da liberação de cinco fêmeas adultas do pulgão-preto por planta. As avaliações foram realizadas após o terceiro e o quinto dia da infestação, constando da contagem direta das formas adulta e jovem do inseto presentes nas plantas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de análise de variância e pelo teste de Tukey em 5% de probabilidade de erro. As cultivares "Epace-10" e "Patativa" foram as menos preferidas por A. craccivora.

This study aimed to evaluate the yield and the quality of the fruits of two okra cultivars (Abelmoschus esculentus), due to the varying doses and types of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted the period September to December of 2017, at the experimental Piroás Farm, in the city of Redenção-CE, Brazil. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, in factorial design 5 × 2 × 2, referring to the five doses of the biofertilizer (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.0 L plant-1 week-1), versus two types of liquid biofertilizers (bovine and caprine under aerobic fermentation) and two okra cultivars: Santa Cruz 47 and Clemson Spineless. The number of the fruits per plant, the average mass of the fruits, yield, the length and diameter of the fruit and peel thickness of the okra fruit, were increased according to the increase on the biofertilizers doses. The cultivar “Santa Cruz 47” presented higher values in the length of the fruit, whereas the cultivar “Clemson Americano 80” was superior in the variables “average fruit mass” and “diameter of the fruits”.

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of bovine biofertilizer on yield and post harvest of the strawberry crop in different growing environments. The experiment was carried out in two cycles of production, in Fortaleza, Ceará. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in subdivided plots, where the plots were of three cultivated environments (A1 = protected environment with screens, cold-water spraying, and white floor; A2 = environment with full sun, cold-water spraying, and white floor; A3 = environment with full sun, no cold-water spraying, and grey floor). The subplots consisted of five doses of biofertilizer (D1 = 0,0, D2 = 500, D3 = 750, D4 = 1000 and D5 = 1250 mL plant-1 week -1), with five replications. In the two-year period, the dose was higher in the protected environment of the weed type, with nebulization and on the white floor, at the dose of 500 mL week-1 plant-1 in the first cycle and 325 mL week-1 plant-1 in the second cycle. The dose of bovine biofertilizer of 1250 mL week-1 plant-1 promotes a longer duration and duration of the first cycle. During the second cycle, as the bovine biofertilizer doses of 585 and 620 provide higher and lower output than the protected environment. The environment without nebulization and on the floor without painting, the best soluble practices (Brix) in relation to the protected environment of the type screened and a full sun with nebulization.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre genótipos de feijão-de-corda quanto à resistência ao pulgão-preto (Aphis craccivora) e identificar as melhores combinações entre genótipos resistentes. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 51 tratamentos, representados pelos genótipos, e quatro repetições. As plantas foram infestadas 15 dias após a semeadura, com cinco fêmeas adultas. Avaliaram-se o número de adultos e de ninfas, respectivamente aos dois e quatro dias após a infestação, e a relação entre eles. O índice de soma de postos de Mulamba & Mock, as distâncias generalizadas de Mahalanobis e o método de otimização de Tocher foram utilizados para avaliar a divergência genética entre os genótipos. As maiores divergências foram observadas entre os genótipos BRS Guariba e Sete Semanas, e entre TVu 410 e Sete Semanas, enquanto BRS Guariba e TVu 410 foram os mais similares. Os genótipos BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguaçu, TVu 36, Sempre Verde, TVu 408 P 2 , Setentão e Epace 10 apresentam resistência ao pulgão. Os cruzamentos entre Setentão e BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguaçu, TVu 36, TVu 408 P 2 e entre Epace 10 e Sempre Verde, BRS Guariba e TVu 410 são promissores para novas combinações genéticas em programas de melhoramento com vistas à resistência ao pulgão.Termos para indexação: Aphis craccivora, Vigna unguiculata, análise multivariada, resistência genética. Genetic divergence of cowpea genotypes for resistance to black aphidAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes as to resistance to black aphid (Aphis craccivora), and to identify the best combinations between resistant genotypes. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with 51 treatments, represented by genotypes, and four replicates. Plants were infested 15 days after sowing, with five female adults. The number of adults and nymphs, at two and four days after infestation, respectively, and the relationship between them were evaluated. Mulamba & Mock's sum of ranks index, Mahalanobis' generalized distances, and Tocher's optimization method were used to assess the genetic distance among genotypes. The largest differences were observed between the genotypes BRS Guariba and Sete Semanas, and between TVu 410 and Sete Semanas, whereas BRS Guariba and TVu 410 were the most similar. The genotypes BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguaçu, TVu 36, Sempre Verde, TVu 408 P 2 , Setentão, and Epace 10 show resistance to black aphid. Crossings between Setentão and BRS Guariba, TVu 410, BRS Paraguaçu, TVu 36, TVu 408 P 2 , and between Epace 10 and Sempre Verde, BRS Guariba and TVu 410 are promising for new genetic combinations in breeding programs to improve resistance to black aphid.Index terms: Aphis craccivora, Vigna unguiculata, multivariate analysis, genetic resistance. IntroduçãoO pulgão-preto do feijoeiro [Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] é uma praga cosmopolita que se alimenta de várias espécies vegetais, especialmente Fabaceas (Rakh...