We report the results of control measures introduced to reduce the density of sand flies in domiciles and subsequent monitoring of the effects of these measures on the sand fly populations. The most common species of sand flies were Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani, which are naturally infected by Leishmania. A total of 268,382 (93.4%) sand flies were collected in ecotypes constructed with the aim of attracting sand flies, and 19,091 (6.6%) sand flies were collected in the ecotypes consisting of residences and other buildings. Human actions determine the growth or reduction of the sand fly population in human-occupied space. Understanding the dynamics of sand flies in this environment can substantially contribute to the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Journal of Vector Ecology 38 (1): 63-68. 2013.
A abundância e a frugivoria de morcegos que compõem a taxocenose em uma área de mata ripária, à margem esquerda do rio Ivaí, foram foco do presente estudo. O Recanto Marista possui 57,6 hectares, dos quais 40,8 são cobertos por Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, situado no município de Doutor Camargo, região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Foram realizadas 14 noites de capturas de morcegos de maio de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, com redesneblina (7 x 2,5 m), totalizando 13.475 m² h de esforço amostral, distribuído em 72h de esforço. Foram capturados 193 indivíduos, representantes de dez espécies, pertencentes a duas famílias: Phyllostomidae (Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus cf. fimbriatus, Artibeus planirotris, Desmodus rotundus e Pygoderma bilabiatum) e Vespertilionidae (Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus sp. e Lasiurus blossevillii). Um representante da família Molossidae (Molossus rufus) foi encontrado morto no solo. Foram consumidos frutos pertencentes às famílias Moraceae (Ficus guaranitica, Ficus insipida, Ficus sp. e Maclura tinctoria), Solanaceae (Solanum aspero-lanatum e Solanum sp.), Piperaceae (Piper aduncum, Piper amalago e Piper sp.) e Urticaceae (Cecropia pachystachya e Cecropia sp.). Palavras-chave: morcegos, rio Ivaí, floresta estacional semidecidual. ABSTRACT. Chiropterofauna abundance and frugivory in a forest remnant in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the abundance and frugivory of bats from the Recanto Marista, a small riparian forest remnant in the margins of the Ivaí river. The Recanto Marista has 57.6 ha, of which 40.8 ha are covered by semideciduous seasonal forest and is located in the Doutor Camargo municipality. Collections were conducted from May 2007 to January 2008 using mist nets (7 x 2.5 m) totaling 13,475 m² h and comprising about 72 hours. Ten species were found pertaining to two families, Phyllostomidae (Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus cf. fimbriatus, Artibeus planirotris, Desmodus rotundus and Pygoderma bilabiatum) and Vespertilionidae (Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus sp. and Lasiurus blossevillii) totaling 193 specimens. One Molossus rufus individual was found dead on the ground. Fruits pertaining to the families Moraceae (Ficus guaranitica, Ficus insipida, Ficus sp. and Maclura tinctoria), Solanaceae (Solanum aspero-lanatum and Solanum sp.), Piperaceae (Piper aduncum, Piper amalago and Piper sp.) and Urticaceae (Cecropia pachystachya and Cecropia sp.) made part of the diet of the captured bat species.
Little is known about the influence of the urban environments on bat species ‘ecology. The urbanization process potentially lead to critical ecological changes in bat communities’ intra and interspecific pathogenic transmissions dynamics. To date, the monitoring of pathogens in bats in Brazil has only been done with bats found dead or alive in households, from rabies surveillance systems. The present work aimed to investigate how urbanization influenced bat richness, relative abundance and pathogen occurrence. Most captured bats were Phyllostomidae, especially Sturnira lilium , Artibeus lituratus , A. fimbriatus , Glossophaga soricina , and Platyrrhinus lineatus , among others. From preserved-rural towards urban areas the lesser the bat richness, the higher the relative abundance of the captured bats. Noise level, luminosity and relative humidity correlated with bat abundance. The proportion of genders, sexually active bats and their size (weight, right forearm length, and body condition index) were stable throughout the investigation. Still, the proportion of pregnant females was higher in Spring and the number of juveniles in Summer, evidencing the seasonality of reproduction. Several Enterobacteria were isolated, evidencing a significant role of bats in the circulation of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest. These results are crucial in the pursuit of a harmonious coexistence between humans, bats and domestic animals in areas with different levels of anthropization.
Of the 181 Brazilian bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera), 46,7% occur in urban areas. However, little is known about the influence of these environments on species’ ecology, and few studies about urban bat community structure in Brazil have been published to date. The urbanization process, however, potentially lead to critical ecological changes in bat communities’ intra and interspecific pathogenic transmissions dynamics. Conversely, few published papers detected pathogens in urban bats. The present work aimed to perform bat captures in a preserved-rural-urban gradient from 2021 to 2022 to investigate how urbanization influences their richness, relative abundance, and activity degree. Most captured bats were Phyllostomidae, especially Sturnira lillium, Artibeus lituratus, A. fimbriatus, Glossophaga soricina, and Platyrrhinus lineatus, among others. From preserved-rural towards urban areas the lesser the bat richness, the higher the relative abundance of the captured bats. Noise level, luminosity and relative humidity correlated with bat abundance. The proportion of genders, sexually active bats and their size (weight, right forearm length, and body mass index) were stable throughout the investigation. Still, the proportion of pregnant females was higher in Spring and the number of juveniles in Summer, evidencing the seasonality of reproduction. No viruses (rabies and coronavirus), Salmonella spp. and Leptospira spp. were detected in the sample. Still, several Enterobacteria were isolated, evidencing a significant role of bats in the circulation of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest. These results are crucial in the pursuit of an harmonious coexistence between humans, bats and domestic animals in areas with different levels of anthropization.
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