Records of sympatry between Alouatta caraya and A. clamitans are rare despite their extensive range overlap. An example of their current sympatry and the rediscovery of free-ranging potential hybrids of A. caraya and A. clamitans in the forests of the Upper Paraná River, Southern Brazil, are reported in this paper. Eight groups were observed in the study area: five monospecific groups of A. caraya, two of A. clamitans, and a group containing two adult males and two adult females of A. caraya and a sub-adult male and two adult females identified as Alouatta sp. The color of the last three individuals was a mosaic between the two species; this is consistent with previously described variations in museum specimens collected in the Paraná River in the 1940s that had been identified as potential hybrids. The results from this study emphasize the need for scientific studies in the region of the Ilha Grande National Park, one of the few regions in the Paraná River that currently harbors both howler species.
Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data.
ABSTRACT. Bats from southern Brazil: comparative analysis of species richness, new records and nomenclatural update (Mammalia, Chiroptera). A comparative analysis of the patterns of bat species richness in southern Brazil is presented, as well as similarity analyses among states. The highest richness of bat species is found in the state of Paraná, with 64 species, followed by Santa Catarina with 46, and Rio Grande do Sul, with 40. The family Phyllostomidae plays an important role in determining this pattern. The geographical distributions of Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Artibeus cinereus (Gervais, 1851) and Thyroptera tricolor Spix, 1823 are expanded to the state of Paraná, establishing a new southern limit for these species and for Thyropteridae. In addition Myotis dinellii Thomas, 1901 is first recorded in Brazil, in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, establishing a new eastern limit for this species. The distribution of Eptesicus taddeii Miranda, Bernardi & Passos, 2006 is extended by a new record in Rio Grande do Sul. An updated list of bats for the southern Brazilian states is presented with few nomenclatural adjustments. The importance of more intensive field efforts to survey the chiropterofauna is highlighted as a way to improve conservation efforts based on representative surveys and scientific collections.
A new species of the genus Eptesicus Rafinesque (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Atlantic Forest, Brazil is described. This species is distinct from its congeners based on external and cranial morphometrics, as well as on qualitative traits such as a more reddish coloration, more inflated muzzle and rounder ears.
É reportado o primeiro registro de Molossops neglectus Williams & Genoways, 1980 para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e se estabelece um novo limite sul na distribuição da espécie na América do Sul. Foram coletados três exemplares em Frederico Westphalen (27º21’33"S e 53º23’40"W) nos domínios da Floresta Estacional Decidual. Dos espécimes coletados, são apresentados dados morfométricos, diagnose e dados que contribuem para o conhecimento da biologia reprodutiva da espécie. É ainda citado um hemíptero ectoparasito.
This study was carried out in the Chácara Payquerê do Bugre, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil (25º29'52" S and 49º39'24" W) and reports on the demography of a group of Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 followed monthly during three years (from February, 2002 to March, 2005). The growth and subsequent fission of the group are described and argued, as well as their possible underlying causes, focusing on the population ecology and social behavior of this taxa.
A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical do mundo e pelo menos 147 espécies de morcegos ocorrem neste ambiente. A despeito desta grande riqueza, a diversidade de morcegos da Amazônia é pobremente conhecida e existem grandes lacunas neste conhecimento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever a assembleia de morcegos ocorrentes na região do Médio Teles Pires (MTP), no sul da Amazônia. Além disso, avaliou-se a similaridade dessa assembleia em relação a 14 assembleias estudadas em outras localidades amazônicas e avaliou-se a correlação entre as similaridades destas localidades e suas distâncias. Trinta e três espécies de morcegos foram registradas, representando 71% das espécies estimadas (Jackknife2). As três espécies com maior abundância relativa foram: Carollia perspicillata, Pteronotus parnellii e Phyllostomus hastatus que somadas contam com mais de 50% das capturas. O grupo funcional dos frugívoros obteve o maior número de espécies capturadas. Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre as distâncias e as similaridades das assembleias de morcegos amazônicos (r = -0,22; p = 0,014). A distância geográfica pode explicar apenas 6% da similaridade entre as assembleias analisadas, ainda assim, as similaridades destas assembleias permitem que as mesmas sejam agrupadas por suas distâncias geográficas. Além disso, a fauna de morcegos do MTP é diferenciada de outras áreas da Amazônia o que lhe confere um papel especial na conservação dos morcegos amazônicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Chiroptera, Inventário de fauna, Assembleias, Biodiversidade. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Middle Teles Pires River region, Southern Amazonia, Brazil ABSTRACTAmazonia is the largest tropical rainforest in the world and at least 147 bat species occur in this environment. Despite its richness, the diversity of bat fauna is poorly known for this region and there are large gaps in its knowledge. This study aims to describe the bat assemblage of the Middle Teles Pires River (MTP) region, southern Amazonia. Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity of this assemblage in relation to 14 assemblages studied in other Amazonian localities, and correlations were found between the similarity values among the sites and their geographic distances. Thirty-three bat species were recorded, accounting for 71% of the estimated species richness (Jackknife2). The three species that had the higher relative abundance values were Carollia perspicillata, Pteronotus parnellii and Phyllostomus hastatus, which together accounted for more than 50% of the captures. The frugivore functional group had the highest number of recorded species. A negative correlation was found between the geographic distances and the similarities among the Amazonian bat assemblages (r = -0.22; p = 0.014). Geographic distance could explain only 6% of the similarities among the analyzed assemblages, even though, the similarity found allowed them to be grouped by their distances. Besides, the MTP bat fauna is different from other Amazonian areas, which gives it a special role in the Amazonian ba...
There are a few studies about predation on primates. Howler monkeys, being relatively large animals, were believed to be preyed on successfully only by medium to large-sized carnivores and large birds of prey. Our study took place at Chácara Payquerê, which is situated in the municipality of Balsa Nova, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Fingers and nails from Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 were founded in two faecal samples from Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758). With our documentation large howler monkey remains in faeces, the possibility of ocelot being a potential predator of all Neotropical primates should be taken into consideration.
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