To gain a better understanding of the physiology of the herbicide aminocyclopyrachlor in young plants of trumpet flower, the uptake and translocation were evaluated after the application of herbicide. This was determined by treating individual leaves with formulated herbicides plus (14)C-aminocyclopyrachlor after the application of the formulated herbicide. This experiment used a randomized experimental design with three replications. In addition, field studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of foliar applications of aminocyclopyrachlor in association with metsulfuton-methyl. The plant absorbed 20% of the herbicide applied. The translocation percentage did not surpass 5% of the total amount applied. Only 1% of the herbicide applied was translocated to the roots. Rate of 40 + 13 g a.i. 100 L(-1) of aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron-methyl was effective to control T. stans.
Resumo-O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de texturas contrastantes (argilosa e areia franca) na lixiviação de diuron, hexazinone e sulfometuron-methyl em formulação comercial (D+H+SMM) e aplicados isoladamente, quando submetidos à 0 e 40 mm de simulação de precipitação. O experimento consistiu na aplicação de diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuronmethyl (1386,9 + 391 + 33,35 g ha-1), hexazinone (391 g ha-1), diuron (1386,9 g ha-1) e sulfometuron-methyl (33,35 g ha-1) em colunas de solo montadas em tubos de PVC. Um dia após a aplicação, metade das colunas recebeu simulação de precipitação de 40 mm e a planta daninha Ipomoea triloba foi semeada. Aos 21 e 30 dias após a semeadura foi feita avaliação de porcentagem de controle. Para o solo de textura argilosa, os herbicidas D+H+SMM e hexazinone chegaram a aproximadamente 10 e 13 cm de profundidade com 0 e 40 mm, respectivamente. No solo de textura arenosa, a lixiviação desses herbicidas foi evidente até os 20 cm de profundidade, com 40 mm de precipitação. Para os herbicidas diuron e sulfometuron-methyl as lixiviações tenderam a se aproximar para o solo de textura argilosa com 40 mm e para o solo de textura arenosa nas duas simulações de precipitação. Hexazinone e D+H+SMM foram os herbicidas que apresentaram maior tendência de lixiviação, facilitada no solo de textura arenosa. Já a lixiviação dos herbicidas diuron e sulfometuron-methyl foi baixa, o que expõe a influência do hexazinone na lixiviação da formulação comercial avaliada.
-Among the herbicides recommended for the dry season and registered to sugarcane crop, amicarbazone, isoxaflutole and the association diuron + hexazinone + sulfomethuron-methyl can be highlighted. These are pre-emergence herbicides efficient against broad-leaved weeds. Morning glory causes large losses in infested sugarcane fields by bending the stalks and interfering in harvesting. In this study the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides for two species of morning glory (Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea grandifolia) was evaluated. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized factorial design (4 x 7). There were four periods of water restriction (0, 30, 60 and 90 days), seven chemical treatments [diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1387 + 391 + 33.35 g a.i. ha -1 ), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1507.5 + 425 + 36.25 g a.i. ha -1 ), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1658.25 + 467.5 + 39.87 g a.i. ha -1 ), diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuronmethyl (1809 + 510 + 43.5 g a.i. ha -1 ), amicarbazone (1190 g a.i. ha -1 ), amicarbazone + isoxaflutole (840 + 82.5 g a.i. ha -1 )] and a control with no application. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the restoration of moisture, control was visually evaluated. After the final evaluation, the dry mass of morning glories was measured. At 90 days of water restriction, diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl was more effective to control I. hederifolia than the amicarbazone + isoxaflutole tank mixture. The four diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuronmethyl doses have reduced morning glory dry mass to zero; whereas treatments with amicarbazone have not. The most effective treatment for morning glory control was diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl. This result may be due to a possible synergistic interaction.
Resumo -O controle químico das plantas daninhas em canaviais pode ser realizado no período de estiagem devido, principalmente, planejamento de operações agrícolas, e logística quanto ao uso de equipamentos e mão-de-obra. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia agronômica de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas gramíneas infestantes de canaviais, utilizando diferentes períodos de restrição hídrica em condições controladas. As plantas daninhas avaliadas foram Digitaria nuda, Panicum maximum e Brachiaria decumbens. Os tratamentos herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência total das plantas daninhas foram: diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1387 + 391 + 33,35; 1507,5 + 425 + 36,25; 1658,25 + 467,5 + 39,87 e 1809 + 510 + 43,5 g i.a. ha -1 ); amicarbazone (1190 g i.a. ha -1 ); amicarbazone + isoxaflutole (840 + 82,5 g i.a. ha -1 ) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Após a aplicação, as parcelas foram submetidas a 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de restrição hídrica. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de controle e aos 28 dias após o restabelecimento da umidade, determinada a biomassa das plantas daninhas. Todas as doses de diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl foram eficazes no controle das espécies estudadas em todos os períodos de restrição hídrica. Amicarbazone aplicado isoladamente foi ineficiente no controle das plantas daninhas sob a condição de 60 dias de seca. Amicarbazone + isoxaflutole, apresentou bom controle das plantas daninhas, com exceção de Digitaria nuda, quando na condição a 60 dias de seca. Palavras-chaves: época seca, pré-emergência, cana-de-açúcar, capim-colonião, capim-colchão, capim-braquiária Abstract -Chemical control of weeds in sugarcane crop may be performed in dry season, mainly due to agricultural operations planning, and logistics in relation to the use of equipment and labor. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficacy of herbicides for controlling sugarcane grass weeds by using different periods of water restriction. Evaluated weeds were 1 Recebido para publicação em 30/01/2013 e aceito em 28/05/2013. 2 Doutorando do programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP. Brasil.
-The species Tecoma stans, introduced to Brazil to be cultivated in urban centers as street trees, in parks and gardens, became important pasture weed. The mechanical control of this species is difficult because the plant presents a large number of sprouts when are mowed. Furthermore, the herbicides usually used in pasture have been shown to be inefficient to control it. This research evaluated the trumpet flower control effectiveness using a new herbicide (aminocyclopyrachlor) applied alone in increasing doses to the cut stump for the control of resprouts and mixed with metsulfuron-methyl in applications to intact plant leaves. The experiment with foliar applications used increasing doses of herbicides (aminocyclopyrachlor + metsulfuron-methyl). Applications of only aminocyclopyrachlor to the cut stump and foliar application of a herbicidal mixture (aminocyclopyrachlor + metsulfuronmethyl) were effective in the control of trumpet flower.Keywords: exotic species, trumpet flower, susceptibility to herbicides. RESUMO -A espécie Tecoma stans introduzida no Brasil para ser cultivada nos centros urbanos em arborização de ruas, praças e jardins tornou-se importante planta daninha em pastagens. O controle mecânico dessa espécie é difícil, por apresentar grande número de rebrotas quando as
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