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RESUMENLa nanotecnología es una ciencia multidisciplinar que está teniendo un gran auge en la actualidad, ya que proporciona productos con nuevas propiedades fisicoquímicas muy atractivas para multitud de aplicaciones. En la industria agroalimentaria, la nanotecnología brinda grandes oportunidades para la obtención de productos y aplicaciones innovadoras para la agricultura y la ganadería, el tratamiento de las aguas y la producción, elaboración, conservación y envasado de los alimentos. Para ello, se utilizan una gran diversidad de nanomateriales, que van desde metales y óxidos de metales inorgánicos a nanomateriales orgánicos que llevan ingredientes bioactivos. Esta revisión muestra una visión global de las actuales y futuras aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en la industria agroalimentaria. Los aditivos alimentarios y los materiales en contacto con los alimentos son actualmente las principales aplicaciones, mientras que se espera que en un futuro sean en el campo de los nanoencapsulados y de los nanocompuestos, en aplicaciones como nuevos alimentos, aditivos, biocidas, pesticidas y materiales en contacto con alimentos.

The structure of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) from Trypanosoma cruzi complexed with chalepin, a natural product from Pilocarpus spicatus, has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.95 A î resolution. The structure is in the apo form without cofactors in the subunits of the tetrameric gGAPDH in the asymmetric unit. Unequivocal density corresponding to the inhibitor was clearly identified in one monomer. The final refined model of the complex shows extensive conformational changes when compared with the native structure. The mode of binding of chalepin to gGAPDH and its implications for inhibitor design are discussed. ß

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The focus of this study was the identification of compounds from plant extracts for use in crop protection. This paper reports on the toxic activity of fractions of leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L (Euphorbiaceae) and isolated active compounds in the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel and its symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Singer) Möller. The main compounds responsible for activity against the fungus and ant in leaf extracts of R communis were found to be fatty acids for the former and ricinine for the ants.

Biodegradable nanoparticles have been widely explored as carriers for controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules; however, studies describing the development of nanoparticles as carriers for biopesticide products are few. In this work, a new method to prepare nanoparticles loaded with neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts is presented. In this study, nanoparticles were formulated as colloidal suspension and (spray-dried) powder and characterized by evaluating pH, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, absolute recovery, and entrapment efficiency. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for nanoparticle characterization. The best formulations presented absolute recovery and entrapment efficiencies of approximately 100% and a release profile based on swelling and relaxation of the polymer or polymer erosion. The biological data of the formulated products against Plutella xylostella showed 100% larval mortality. The nanoparticle information improved the stability of neem products against ultraviolet radiation and increased their dispersion in the aqueous phase.

Extracts of different sesame plant (Sesamum indicum) Linnaeus organs inhibited the in vitro growth of the fungus Leucocoprinus gongylophorus (Moller) (=Rozites gongylophora Moller), which is cultivated by the leaf-cutting ants of the species Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The presence of the factor responsible for this inhibition was detected in methanol or chloroform extracts and is constant in the plant.

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