Resumo: A sala de aula é um espaço de formação humana, constituído pela diversidade e heterogeneidade. As relações pedagógicas que nela acontecem são impregnadas de subjetividade. Com o objetivo de entender, por meio de dados empíricos, quais são as percepções de estudantes e professores acerca das relações que se desenvolvem em sala de aula, aplicamos um instrumento de coleta de dados a professores e estudantes do curso superior de Química da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais -UFMG. A nossa análise dos dados mostrou que as expectativas de estudantes e professores divergem em alguns pontos e que, provavelmente, não há um "contrato" preestabelecido sobre o papel de cada um. A afetividade, presente em toda relação humana, também permeia a relação professor/estudante, não sendo bem entendida. Há, inclusive, um certo "receio" de envolvimento quando a relação afetiva é vista como uma relação de amizade ou empatia.Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Relação professor e estudantes. Afetividade.
Abstract:The classroom is a space for human formation, consisting of diversity and heterogeneity. The pedagogic relations that happen inside are full of subjectivity. With the goal to understand, through empirical data, which are the students and teachers' perceptions about the relationships that unfold in the classroom, we apply a data collection instrument to teachers and students of college classes of Chemistry undergraduate majors in UFMG. Our data analysis shows that the teachers and students' expectations diverge in some ways and, probably that is no pre-established "contract" of each one's role. The affectivity in every human relationship and including that which surrounds the teacher/ students' relationship is not well understood. We noted that there is, also, certain "apprehension" about involvement when the affective relationship is understood as a relationship of friendship or empathy.
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido e validado um método quantitativo para a análise de anfetaminas e efedrinas em urina, utilizando-se anidrido acético e piridina, ambos em grau analítico, como derivatizantes. As amostras foram extraídas por extração em fase sólida (EFS), derivatizadas e em seguida analisadas por CG-EM. O método apresentou ampla faixa linear (25-1000 ng mL-1 com R 2 > 0,99), alta sensibilidade (LODs variando de 0,0140 a 15,33 ng mL-1 e LOQs variando de 0,0466 a 51,10 ng mL-1), bons índices de precisão (CV < 6% para intra-e inter-ensaios) e excelentes índices de recuperação (87-96%) para todos os compostos estudados. Após a validação, o método foi aplicado em análises de amostras reais de urina humana nas quais ao menos um dos analitos em estudo foi identificado previamente. Em todas as amostras, anfetaminas e efedrinas foram facilmente quantificadas mostrando que a associação de anidrido acético e piridina é uma boa opção como agente derivatizante. A GC/MS method for the simultaneous analyses of different amphetamines and ephedrines in urine employing analytical-grade acetic anhydride/pyridine as derivatizing reagents was developed and validated. Solid-phase extraction was performed on the samples, which were then derivatizated and analyzed by GC/MS. The method showed a broad linear dynamic range (25-1000 ng mL-1 with R 2 > 0.99), high sensitivity (LODs of 0.0140 to 15.33 ng mL-1 and LOQs of 0.0466 to 51.10 ng mL-1), good precision (CV < 6% for intra-and inter-assays), and excellent extraction recovery (87 to 96%) for all the compounds studied. After validation, the method was applied in the analyses of real samples of human urine which were previously determined to contain at least one of such drugs. In all the samples, the amphetamines and ephedrines were promptly quantified, showing that the association of acetic anhydride and pyridine can be conveniently employed as a derivatizing agent.
In this work multivariate strategies were employed in order to highlight new potential biomarkers of interest to detect the exogenous treatment of steers intramuscularly treated with boldenone undecylenate. Serum samples collected from treated (n = 4) and control (n = 8) crossbred animals of varying ages and weights were extracted using a simple sample preparation procedure based on salt assisted liquid-liquid extraction. Data acquisition was performed using liquid chromatography and Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Data processing and treatment were performed using two non-targeted workflows: (1) Compound Discoverer software and (2) XCMS package on the open-source R software combined with MetaboAnalyst. Three potential biomarkers were highlighted taking into account the chromatographic shapes, the feature location on the generated s-plots, the fold change, the adjusted p values, the coefficient of variation in the QC samples and the area under the ROC curves. Predicted formulas based on mass accuracy, structural composition and spectra similarity were proposed. A robust statistical model to predict the boldenone treatment was further developed based on the weighted abundances of the selected biomarkers. The requirements for screening methods were successfully fulfilled, together with a wider detection window in comparison with the monitoring of the deconjugated metabolite boldenone, although biomarker identification studies are still ongoing.
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