Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(Supl. Electrocardiography can be used to quantify the training and athletic performance as well as evaluating the cardiac function under the effect of exercise identifying the influence of cardiac anomalies, and deleterious effects of stress ahead of heart function. Considering the complexity of the physical efforts inherent in polo ponies in competitions, together with the lack of reports in the literature, on the demand resulting for heart. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the cardiac effects of electrocardiographic exercise in polo horses in order to support data for understanding the physiological cardiac demand of this sport. We evaluated 27 equine practitioner polo at rest and between five and ten minutes after exercise. The results showed that the observed changes in the duration and P wave amplitude and duration of PR and QT interval were considered in physiological response to increased heart rate. The diphasic P wave found at rest and when atrial hypertrophy represented bifida represented different points of activation of the sinoatrial node. As expected, the QRS complex has not undergone major changes. The ST-segment elevation and T wave changes observed after exercise could pose adverse effects to the myocardium, but studies examining multiple factors are needed to confirm this association and define your actual question. The increase in QTc suggested fatigue mild myocardial represented high heart demand for this type of exercise. The heart score showed that these animals were within the pattern of cardiac adaptation to a horse athlete. The rapid recovery of HR showed good conditioning of these animals. The pacemaker migration was observed in most animals proven to be a normal finding horse athlete. We observed a low incidence of changes in cardiac rhythm.INDEX TERMS: Cardiac function, electrocardiographic index, physiology exercise.

Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are considered important foodborne pathogens that are commonly associated with foods of animal origin. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. isolated from biofilms of cattle and poultry slaughterhouses located in the Federal District and State of Goiás, Brazil. Fourteen L. monocytogenes isolates and one Salmonella sp. were detected in poultry slaughterhouses. No isolates were detected in cattle slaughterhouses. All L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to lineage II, and 11 different pulsotypes were detected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the dissemination of two strains within one plant, in addition to the regional dissemination of one of them. The Salmonella isolate was identified via whole genome sequencing as Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota ST548. In the sequence analysis, no premature stop codons were detected in the inlA gene of Listeria. All isolates demonstrated the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, while 50% were capable of invading them. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 57.1% of the L. monocytogenes isolates, and resistance to sulfonamide was the most common feature. The tetC, ermB, and tetM genes were detected, and four isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Salmonella sp. was resistant to nine antimicrobials and was classified as multidrug-resistant. Resistance genes qnrB19, blaCMY-2, aac(6’)-Iaa, sul2, and tetA, and a mutation in the parC gene were detected. The majority (78.5%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 37°C for 24 h, and 64.3% were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 12°C for 168 h. There was no statistical difference in the biofilm-forming capacity under the different evaluated conditions. Salmonella sp. was capable of forming biofilms at both tested temperatures. Biofilm characterization was confirmed by collecting the samples consistently, at the same sampling points, and by assessing biofilm formation in vitro. These results highlight the potential risk of cross-contamination in poultry slaughterhouses and the importance of surveillance and pathogen control maintenance programs within the meat production industry.

The aim of the study was the analysis of Listeria monocytogenes strains in beef samples as well as slaughterhouse environment, located in the Federal District, promote serotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), perform antibiotic susceptibility and submit the strains to Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 125 beef samples were analyzed, 45 samples of carcasses swabs and 43 swab samples. It detected 13 strains of Listeria monocytogenes, 11 in beef samples. and 2 in slaughterhouse environment. No carcass swabs strains were isolated. Among the 13 strains of L. monocytogenes six strains of serotype 4b were found, five serotype 1/2c and two strains of serotype 1/2a. Among the 11 strains of L. monocytogenes found in beef, one (9.1%) strain showed resistance to erythromycin, one (9.1%) strain to gentamicin, one to ciprofloxacin (9.1%) and all strains (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. The two strains coming from the slaughterhouse drains, all (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid and Sulfonamides. The analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed 13 different pulsotypes; they were grouped into three different clonal groups, coincidentally correlated with the three different serotypes found, what suggests a widespread dissemination of these profiles in the Federal District, Brazil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de Clostridium perfringens em 54 amostras de carne bovina embaladas a vácuo comercializadas na região do Distrito Federal, bem como detectar a presença da toxina cpe por PCR, ainda avaliar os meios de cultivo ágar SPS® e ágar TSC®, com e sem etapa de pré-enriquecimento das amostras em caldo infusão de cérebro e coração (BHI) na câmara de anaerobiose, e posterior incubação das placas de SPS® e TSC® tanto em jarra de anaerobiose, como em câmara de anaerobiose. Na análise da incubação das placas em ágar SPS® e TSC®, sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI na câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se o crescimento em apenas uma (1,85%) das 54 amostras analisadas, em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento com caldo BHI em câmara de anaerobiose, observou-se crescimento em todas as 54 amostras (100%), em ambos os meios de cultivo e formas de incubação. Na reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) nenhuma das cepas oriundas das amostras analisadas apresentaram a amplificação de fragmento do gene da toxina cpe. Os resultados evidenciam a presença de C. perfringens em carnes embaladas a vácuo comercializadas no Distrito Federal e Entorno, porém não foi detectada a toxina cpe em nenhuma cepa isolada analisada. Na comparação estatística aplicando o teste qui-quadrado de McNemar, observou-se que houve diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre as análises sem e com a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em caldo BHI, verificando-se a influencia positiva do meio na recuperação de esporos, destacando desta forma a importância do enriquecimento prévio em meio BHI e a incubação em câmara de anaerobiose, na recuperação de esporos deste microrganismo. ARTIGOS / ARTICLES CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDEPalavras chave: Câmara de anaerobiose. Toxina CPE. Clostridiose alimentar. Toxinfecção alimentar. Agar SPS. Agar TSC The aim of this work was to detect Clostridium perfringens in 54 samples of vacuum packed beef sold at the Federal District area, and to detect the presence of the cpe toxin gene by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), also evaluate the culture medium SPS® agar and TSC® agar, with and without pre-enrichment step of the samples in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth in the anaerobic chamber, and to promote the incubation of the plates in anaerobic jar and anaerobic chamber. The results of the incubation on SPS® agar and TSC® agar, without the pre-enrichment step in BHI, growth was observed in only one (1,85%) of the 54 analyzed samples, in both culture media and incubation methods. With the pre-enrichment step with BHI broth in the anaerobic chamber, growth was observed in all 54 samples (100%), in both Resumo

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This study aimed to verify the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli in two Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, as well as to perform antibiograms, detect virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and evaluate the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of bacterial isolates from these environments. One Salmonella Typhi isolate and 21 E. coli isolates were detected, while L. monocytogenes was not detected. S. Typhi was isolated from the carcass cooling chamber’s floor, resistant to several antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, and contained resistance genes, such as tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), and ampC. It also showed moderate biofilm-forming capacity at 37°C after incubating for 72 h. The prevalence of the 21 E. coli isolates was also the highest on the carcass cooling chamber floor (three of the four samplings [75%]). The E. coli isolates were resistant to 12 of the 13 tested antimicrobials, and none showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial prohibited in animal feed since 2003 in Brazil. The resistance genes MCR-1, MCR-3, sul1, ampC, clmA, cat1, tet(A), tet(B), and blaSHV, as well as the virulence genes stx-1, hlyA, eae, tir α, tir β, tir γ, and saa were detected in the E. coli isolates. Moreover, 5 (23.8%) and 15 (71.4%) E. coli isolates presented strong and moderate biofilm-forming capacity, respectively. In general, the biofilm-forming capacity increased after incubating for 72 h at 10°C. The biofilm-forming capacity was the lowest after incubating for 24 h at 37°C. Due to the presence of resistance and virulence genes, multi-antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity, the results of this study suggest a risk to the public health as these pathogens are associated with foodborne diseases, which emphasizes the hazard of resistance gene propagation in the environment.

This study aimed to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as to detect the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and genes responsible for the same. A total of 105 chilled chicken carcasses were collected, of which 7 (6.67%) were positive for C. jejuni and 4 (3.81%) were positive for C. coli. These results were obtained using both the conventional microbiological isolation method and polymerase chain reaction assays. All of the positive strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for seven antimicrobials. The resistance incidences found in the C. jejuni strains were as follows: 71.43% for tetracycline and nalidixic acid, 42.86% for streptomycin and gentamicin, 57.14% for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, and 28.57% for chloramphenicol. Among the C. coli strains, 100% were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, 75% were resistant to erythromycin, 50% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, and no strains were resistant to chloramphenicol. While analyzing the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolated C. jejuni strains, the aph3-1 (resistance to aminoglycosides), aadE (resistance to streptomycin), and tet(O) (resistance to tetracycline) genes were identified, with occurrence rates of 57.14%, 28.57%, and 42.86%, respectively, whereas in the C. coli strains, there was a 25% occurrence rate for both the aph3-1 and tet(O) genes. The aadE gene was not found in the C. coli isolates. The results of this study demonstrated the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of resistance genes in these bacteria, which may pose threats to public health.

The results obtained by means of Gammasubdurography (G.S.G.) in 37 infants having chronic subdural bilateral effusions, are presented. The use of this procedure, which consists of unilateral injection of Radioiodinated Human Sero Albumin (RIHSA-I 131), into the subdural effusion, is suggested for the determination of a communication between the two cavities. At the same time it is possible to get valuable information about their exact localization and extension. Once the communication is diagnosed, the treatment proposed is internal or external unilateral drainage. The method is safe and is performed in a short time which permits its use in the screening of these patients, especially in conjunction with Gammaencephalography (G.E.G.) and Computer Tomography (CT), patients to it. The test (G.S.G.) has been used by us since 1979. All our cases are included in this series. All of them had been diagnosed by subdural puncture, transillumination, G.E.G. and or CT Scan, as having bilateral subdural collections. All the patients received a saturated iodine solution, 24 hours in advance and for 10 days, as a thyroid blocking agent, which was administered in the usual oral dosage. The radiopharmaceutical administration was performed through a unilateral subdural puncture in a dose of 50 to 80 microcurie of RIHSA-I 131 with a high specific activity. Immediately after this, sequential analog images were obtained with the patient supine and in anterior and lateral head projections. This was accomplished by using a PICKER DYNA 4 Gammacamera equipped with a medium energy parallel hole collimator. The interval between the images was determined during the test in agreement with the findings.