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This study was conducted to determine the effects of bypass fat on postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cattle. A total of 40 advance pregnant crossbred dairy cows of 2 nd to 5 th parity were randomly divided into two groups, control (n=10) and treatment (n=30). The control animals were maintained on routine standard feeding schedule. The treatment animals in addition to routine standard feeding schedule, were supplemented orally daily with extra 100 g of bypass fat (Enerfat, Kemin) for about 2 weeks before expected date of calving and continued one week after calving. The level of bypass fat was then increased as per the milk production @ 10 gram per litre of milk produced until 60 days postpartum limiting to maximum of 250 gram/day. Blood samples were collected from each animal at 2 week prior to expected date of calving (-14), day 0, 10, 20 and 30 of calving, for the estimation of various blood biochemical parameters. Gross uterine involution and the interval from calving to first estrus occurrence were recorded. Bypass supplementation non-significantly reduce uterine involution time and time from calving to first postpartum observed estrus. Peripartum bypass fat supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased serum glucose and total cholesterol but significantly (P<0.05) decreased serum (non-esterified fatty acids) NEFA level.

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Introduction: Magnesium is very important nutrient and performs a significant part in development and formation of many sink organs like roots and seeds. Furthermore, its fertilization significantly affects yield and numerous physiological mechanisms in different horticulture crop species. Moreover, its deficiency caused germination and reduction in horticulture crop stand. Nevertheless, its adequate concentration by foliar application plays important role in biochemical and physiological processes of plants like proteins synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, enzymes activation and energy transferring. Worldwide, many of our horticulture crops are facing low yield and quality problem due to fertilizer application at inadequate rate. The current review focuses on the impact of foliar applied Mg on some important cultivated horticultural crops (sugar beet, tomato, banana, potato, spinach, cauliflower, cassava, garlic, green case, potus, cucumber and grapes). Review results: Our extensive review has demonstrated that magnesium is very important factor limiting horticulture crop production but its negative impacts can be reduced by foliar application of magnesium. Foliar application of Mg can be recommended for correcting deficiencies because foliar sprays have no long term residual effect and every time fresh applications must be given to each crop. Moreover, amount depends on the nutrient status of crop and soil.

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