No abstract
Domain structures of unpoled as well as poled (along [001]- and [110]-direction) Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN)-8% PbTiO3 (PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)-29% PT single crystals have been investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) in the piezoresponse mode, at room temperature. Antiparallel domain structures have been detected mostly in unpoled crystals of both materials, with a fingerprint pattern in (001)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. The ferroelastic domain wall has been identified in poled (110)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. “Writing” of ferroelectric domains has been performed by applying a dc voltage to the SFM tip. Local re-poling has been observed for all unpoled as well as for poled (001)-oriented crystals at the voltage ±60 V. Local electrical switching was successful in poled (110)-oriented PMN-29% PT at higher voltage (±120 V) but was not successful in poled (110)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. Domain-engineered crystals poled in [110]-direction seem to exhibit more stable (in the sense of local re-poling properties) domain arrangement. Hysteretic d(E) dependencies were observed by local application of an ac voltage.
This paper concerns the problem of orientations of domain walls in ferroelastic and/or ferroelectric single crystals. They are specified on the basis of elastic compatibility of the neighbouring domains. Results are presented in form of tables, which make it possible to find spontaneous tensors (i.e. strain and polarization) for each domain state in any ferroelastic and/or ferroelectric species. Domain wall orientations are listed in tables for all combinations of domain states. For each domain wall orientation, their charge or neutrality is indicated. Results are summarized in comprehensive table including numbers of possible domain states, domain wall types (W 1 , W f , S) and their charge or neutrality. Domain pairs with non-permissible domain walls (R case) are also specified.
For tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) single crystals, an electric field (E-field) applied along [111] c direction can induce an engineered domain configuration. In this study, the engineered domain structures with different domain sizes were induced into BaTiO 3 single crystals, and their piezoelectric properties were investigated as a function of a domain size. As a result, above Curie temperature (T c ) of 132.2 ˚C, when the E-field over 6 kV/cm was applied along [111] c direction, the engineered domain configuration with fine domain structure appeared. Moreover, it was also found that this fine domain structure was still stable at room temperature without E-field. On the other hand, the coarse domain structure was obtained by poling at just below T c . Finally, the piezoelectric properties were measured using the 31 resonators with different kinds of domain sizes.
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