In searching for novel fungicidal leads, the novel bioactive
succinate
dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) derivatives were designed and synthesized
by the inversion of carbonyl and amide groups. Bioassay indicated
that compound 5i stood out with a broad spectrum of in
vitro activity against five fungi. Its EC50 value (0.73
μg/mL) was comparable to that of boscalid (EC50 of
0.51 μg/mL) and fluxapyroxad (EC50 of 0.19 μg/mL)
against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. For Rhizoctonia cerealis, 5i and 5p with EC50 values of 4.61 and 6.48 μg/mL, respectively,
showed significantly higher activity than fluxapyroxad with the EC50 value of 16.99 μg/mL. In vivo fungicidal activity
of 5i exhibited an excellent inhibitory rate (100%) against Puccinia sorghi at 50 μg/mL, while the positive
control boscalid showed only a 70% inhibitory rate. Moreover, 5i showed promising fungicidal activity with a 60% inhibitory
rate against Rhizoctonia solani at
1 μg/mL, which was better than that of boscalid (30%). Compound 5i possessed better in vivo efficacy against P. sorghi and R. solani than boscalid. Molecular docking showed that even the carbonyl oxygen
atom of 5i was far from the pyrazole ring. It could also
form hydrogen bonds toward the hydroxyl hydrogen and amino hydrogen
of TYR58 and TRP173 on SDH, respectively, which consisted of the positive
control fluxapyroxad. Fluorescence quenching analysis and SDH enzymatic
inhibition studies also validated its mode of action. Our studies
showed that 5i was worthy of further investigation as
a promising fungicide candidate.
In this work, a simple phosphating process was proposed
to modify cellulose-acetate (CA) and lignin for a novel energy storage
precursor material. The prepared precursor fibers exhibited good thermal
stability of lignin and flexibility of CA. Subsequently, the precursor
fibers undergo a short preoxidation and carbonization treatment process
to obtain the biomass-based carbon fibers (CFs) with complete fibrous
morphology, uniform fiber diameter, high surface areas, good flexibility,
and excellent power storage capacity. The specific capacitance of
346.6 F/g was obtained by using CFs-5 (prepared with 40% H3PO4 content) as a supercapacitor. Simultaneously, the
biomass-based CF supercapacitor device delivers a high-energy density
of 31.5 Wh/kg at the power density of 400 W/kg. These results indicate
that the introduction of H3PO4 can effectively
reduce the energy consumption of the preoxidation treatment process
for the preparation of the biomass-based CFs, while increasing the
energy storage properties significantly. This novel strategy showed
a successful route for the preparation of high-quality and low-consumption
biomass-based CFs.
To delineate structural changes of lignin after SCEP, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) in poplar chips, lignin in pretreated residues (SCEP-RL), lignin in liquors (SCEP-DL) were isolated and analyzed by GPC, 13C-, 31P-, 2D-HSQC-NMR and TGA.
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