In this work, a simple phosphating process was proposed
to modify cellulose-acetate (CA) and lignin for a novel energy storage
precursor material. The prepared precursor fibers exhibited good thermal
stability of lignin and flexibility of CA. Subsequently, the precursor
fibers undergo a short preoxidation and carbonization treatment process
to obtain the biomass-based carbon fibers (CFs) with complete fibrous
morphology, uniform fiber diameter, high surface areas, good flexibility,
and excellent power storage capacity. The specific capacitance of
346.6 F/g was obtained by using CFs-5 (prepared with 40% H3PO4 content) as a supercapacitor. Simultaneously, the
biomass-based CF supercapacitor device delivers a high-energy density
of 31.5 Wh/kg at the power density of 400 W/kg. These results indicate
that the introduction of H3PO4 can effectively
reduce the energy consumption of the preoxidation treatment process
for the preparation of the biomass-based CFs, while increasing the
energy storage properties significantly. This novel strategy showed
a successful route for the preparation of high-quality and low-consumption
biomass-based CFs.
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