Purpose – In the marketing and consumer behavior literature, much remains to be explained about customer citizenship behavior in a highly technological e-retailing context. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey of 186 e-shoppers which was conducted grounded in the social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling is used to test the proposed model. Findings – The results provide support that e-customer familiarity with an e-store and facilitating conditions provided by an e-retailer influence e-customers ' e-satisfaction, e-loyalty, and e-commitment with an e-retailer, all of which exert different effects on three dimensions of e-customer citizenship behavior. Practical implications – The results of this study offer e-retailers a way to stay ahead of their competitors by focusing on online attributes that are difficult to duplicate when it comes to customer relationship such as e-loyalty, e-commitment and e-customer citizenship behavior. Originality/value – This study represents one of the initial attempts to validate a customer citizenship behavior model in an e-retailing setting using e-store familiarization and facilitating conditions as the primary determinants for developing e-store attitudes and behaviors among e-shoppers.

Learning a new language is hard, but learning to use it confidently in conversations with native speakers is even harder. From our field research with language learners, with support from Cognitive Psychology and Second Language Acquisition, we argue for the value of contextual microlearning in the many breaks spread across different places and throughout the day. We present a mobile application that supports such microlearning by leveraging the location-based service Foursquare to automatically provide contextually relevant content in the world's major cities. In an evaluation of Mandarin Chinese learning, a four-week, 23-user study spanning Beijing and Shanghai compared this contextual system to a system based on word frequency. Study sessions with the contextual version lasted half as long but occurred in twice as many places as sessions with the frequency version, suggesting a complementary relationship between the two approaches.

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Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world. It is particularly significant in island economies, but also benefits significantly a range of developing and developed countries across the world. The sector is compound largely because of the interdependency between the universal production, largely managed in the established world, and the purposes around the world for which it assembles visitors. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and tourism are two of the most dynamic drives of our worldwide economy. In the Madagascar, the tourism sector is the third largest provider of currency. Madagascar has a remarkable array of biodiversity, natural beauty and cultural resources to support tourism. Unexpectedly, of the 200,000 visitors the island per year, only about 60,000 come expressly for tourism, the rest traveling for other reasons but which could include some tourism activity. Madagascar has the potential to welcome many more tourists if the sector's growth is well planned in abroad, multi-sectorial way focusing on economic aspects, infrastructure and environmental and social concerns, particularly for community participation. This report sets out a program for equitable development of the sector and evaluates the opportunities for growth and the barriers that currently block progress and some suggestions that how to cover this era to maintain its stander of tourism sector along with. This paper describes the tourism of Madagascar, some lack of management, condition of the present tourism sector and at the end there is a conclusion of this study and recommendations on the base of present study.

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