ObjectiveDiabetes substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CAD) and is associated with an increased risk of CAD mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in coronary artery plaque, coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured in outpatients with and without type 2 diabetes, and the occurrence rate of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) throughout follow-up with the same patients.MethodsFive hundred eighty-eight outpatients with suspected CAD comprising 208 diabetic and 380 non-diabetic patients were enrolled in this study. Coronary artery plaque and CAC scores were detected and measured by dual-source computed tomography. The major MACE during the follow-up period (4.0–20 months) was recorded and its relationship to type 2 diabetes and CAC was investigated.ResultsThe diabetes group had higher CAC scores in the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries and total CAC burden than the group without diabetes. The diabetes group had more diseased coronary segments and more obstructed vessels than the non-diabetes group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes is positively associated with mixed coronary plaque and non-calcified plaque. All patients in the diabetes group and all patients with higher CACs in both groups had a higher incidence rate of MACEs.ConclusionPatients with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of obstructive CAD, higher CAC scores, and a higher incidence rate of MACEs than those without diabetes. Diabetes and higher CAC scores were the important predictors of the occurrence of MACEs throughout follow-up with patients.
A study of the spectrum resolution, wavelength range, and primary aberration of the asymmetrical crossed Czerny-Turner spectrometer is presented by deducing the relationship between them and structural parameters of the spectrometer in a new way of thinking based on simple but effective geometric models. The analysis was verified in an experiment and simulation performed on the optical design program ZEMAX, and the obtained results agree with the analysis. Owing to the analysis, initial designed parameters of the spectrometer were given and then optimized by ZEMAX; with the instruction of the study, a small adjustment was made in the actual alignment to obtain the desired final spectrometer. The spectrometer successfully measured the last four characteristic peaks of the Raman spectrum of CCL4, which demonstrates that the research provides important guidance to the design and alignment of an asymmetrical crossed Czerny-Turner spectrometer.
An integrated optical system with high sensitivity and resolution was presented. This was made possible by coupling a probe to a monochromator directly, using an aspheric lens and an achromatic lens in the coupling path, using a dichroic filter with high transmission and a steep transitional zone as a beam splitter, increasing the throughput of the monochromator, and optimizing its structural parameters. This optical system has a high sensitivity; the tested spectrogram of a glass rod demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratio measured by the integrated optical system was almost 4 times as high as an independent probe and monochromator. The optical system also has the advantages of high resolution (4 cm-1 or 0.28 nm), low cost, and portable size. This work lays a good groundwork for the development of a high sensitivity, high resolution, and low cost integrated portable Raman spectrometer.
Abstract. Nowadays most setups of Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy use the commercial Scanning Probe Microscope that is not designed for TERS, which results in narrow operation space, small scanning scope, etc. In this paper, a scanning stage system for TERS is designed. The system is driven by piezoelectric ceramic and uses capacitive sensor as the feedback of displacement to compensate the hysteresis and creep effect of piezoelectric ceramics. This paper introduces the mechanical structure of the system and the principle of the signal processing circuit of the capacitive sensor. The mechanical structure is simulated and the capacitive sensor is calibrated. The experimental results indicated that the system can realize the scanning scope of 20μm, and the capacitance sensor has high precision and good repeatability.
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