“…Other groups have focused on the development of portable Raman spectrometers, which can be more easily applied to in-field applications; however, addressing issues such as the reduction in large form factors, the requirement for a diverse array of accessories, complex interfaces requiring in-depth training, and cost remains a challenge. 17 – 31 The main issue with developing a low-cost POC spectrometer is balancing device performance with the overall cost, size, and ease of functionality. Some low-cost spectrometers require mobile phones 17 – 21 or a pump and probe geometry where the excitation and collection pathways are in separate modules.…”