Blowout fractures are one of the commonly occurring facial bone fractures and clinically important, as they may cause serious complications such as diplopia, extraocular movement limitation, and enophthalmos. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current patient demographics and surgical outcomes of 952 pure blowout fractures from 2 hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea, from 2003 to 2011. The medical records were reviewed according to the cause, fracture site, ocular symptoms, time of operation, and sequela. Male patients outnumbered female patients, and blowout fractures were most often seen in 21- to 30-year-old men. The most common cause was violent assault (40.7%). The medial orbital wall (45.8%) was the most common site, followed by floor (29.4%) and inferomedial wall (24.6%). The most common ocular injury was hyphema. Diplopia was presented in 27.6%; extraocular movement limitation was detected in 12.8% patients, and enophthalmos was encountered in 3.4% patients. Diplopia, extraocular movement limitation, and enophthalmos were significantly improved by surgical repair (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications were persistent diplopia (1.6%) and enophthalmos (0.4%). We surveyed a large series of blowout fracture in the Republic of Korea and recommend this study to serve as an important guideline in treating pure blowout fractures.
In this study, the authors investigated the effects of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and of their extract on wound healing. After creating wound healing splint model on the backs of mice, ADSCs and their extract were applied. Wound healing rates were calculated at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after the wounding, and tissues were harvested at 7 and 14 days for histological analysis. Wound healing rates were significantly higher at 7, 10, and 14 days in the cell group than in the control, but in the cell extract group wound healing rates were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Histological scores and capillary densities in the cell group were significantly higher at 2 weeks (P<0.05). In the cell group, thick inflammatory cell infiltration and many capillaries were observed at 1 week, and thick epithelium and numerous large capillaries were observed at 2 weeks. The present study suggests that ADSCs accelerate wound healing as known, and the effects of ADSCs on wound healing may be due to replacing insufficient cells by differentiation of ADSCs in the wound and secreting growth factors by differentiated cells, and not due to the effect of factors within ADSCs.
Metabarcoding is a powerful tool to investigate community diversity in an economic and efficient way by amplifying a specific gene marker region. With the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies, the field of metabarcoding has entered a new phase.
Amyloid is defined as a pathologic proteinaceous substance which, when deposited between the cells of tissues and organs, leads to various clinical conditions. Immunohistochemistry has allowed for better classification and understanding of the pathophysiology of amyloidosis. In the upper aerodigestive tract, amyloidosis is a rare condition occurring most frequently in the larynx. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with complete nasal obstruction due to primary nasopharyngeal amyloidosis. This represents the first reported case of primary nasopharyngeal amyloidosis containing both the lambda and kappa immunoglobulin light chains. The clinical and radiologic findings, as well as the management of primary amyloidosis of the upper aerodigestive tract, will be discussed. A review of the literature pertaining to nasal and nasopharyngeal amyloidosis will be presented.
In this study of a developed soft tissue filler, adipose tissue equivalents were constructed using adipose stem cells (ASCs) and micronized acellular dermal matrix (Alloderm). After labeling cultured human ASCs with fluorescent green protein and attaching them to micronized Alloderm (5×105 cells/1 mg), ASC-Alloderm complexes were cultured in adipogenic differentiation media for 14 days and then injected into the dorsal cranial region of nude male mice. The viabilities of ASCs in micronized Alloderm were determined at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days, and complexes, which had been cultured for 14 days and implanted in vivo for 2 months, were histologically evaluated by light, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. The viabilities represented that ASCs in micronized Alloderm were alive during the culture period. ASC-Alloderm complexes cultured for 14 days contained round cells with large lipid vesicles by light microscopy and many spherical cells by SEM. ASCs in implanted ASC-Alloderm complexes harvested from mice at 2 months postinjection were histologically found to have differentiated into adipocytes which had green fluorescence dye. Micronized Alloderm may be found useful as scaffold for human ASCs when constructing fat tissue for three-dimensional soft tissue filling. The present study suggests that ASC-Alloderm complexes can be used as injectable three-dimensional soft tissue fillers.
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