Tissue Engineering of Injectable Soft tissue Filler: Using Adipose Stem Cells and Micronized Acellular Dermal Matrix

Abstract

In this study of a developed soft tissue filler, adipose tissue equivalents were constructed using adipose stem cells (ASCs) and micronized acellular dermal matrix (Alloderm). After labeling cultured human ASCs with fluorescent green protein and attaching them to micronized Alloderm (5×105 cells/1 mg), ASC-Alloderm complexes were cultured in adipogenic differentiation media for 14 days and then injected into the dorsal cranial region of nude male mice. The viabilities of ASCs in micronized Alloderm were determined at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days, and complexes, which had been cultured for 14 days and implanted in vivo for 2 months, were histologically evaluated by light, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. The viabilities represented that ASCs in micronized Alloderm were alive during the culture period. ASC-Alloderm complexes cultured for 14 days contained round cells with large lipid vesicles by light microscopy and many spherical cells by SEM. ASCs in implanted ASC-Alloderm complexes harvested from mice at 2 months postinjection were histologically found to have differentiated into adipocytes which had green fluorescence dye. Micronized Alloderm may be found useful as scaffold for human ASCs when constructing fat tissue for three-dimensional soft tissue filling. The present study suggests that ASC-Alloderm complexes can be used as injectable three-dimensional soft tissue fillers.

Construction of a dermis–fat composite in vivo: Optimizing heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix with in vitro pretreatment

“…However, the compact structure of this material prevents the infiltration of seed cells and host cells (Remlinger et al, ). To make up for this deficiency, in some studies, the acellular matrix was crushed into powder and mixed with the seed cells, but this destroyed its natural structure and mechanical properties although it allowed complete blend of the matrix and cells (Yoo & Jin, ). LMT has been proved to improve the penetration of chondrocytes without destroying the original trachea structure (Xu et al, ).…”

Filling Effects, Persistence, and Safety of Dermal Fillers Formulated With Stem Cells in an Animal Model

“…Other researchers have observed trophic changes and modulation of the tissue environment when mesenchymal stem cells were applied to a reconstructed bladder wall in a rat model or injected into human skin as a filler component. [48][49][50] ADSCs and their soluble factors function in protective and regenerative roles in the skin, inducing collagen synthesis, inhibiting melanogenesis, and recruiting and protecting dermal fibroblasts. 51 Our cell migration assays and histologic analyses indicate that ADSCs in HA were maintained in the vicinity of the injection sites during the 3-month observation period, supporting their localized activity.…”

New soft tissue filler derived from autologous keratin and fibroblast for neck wrinkles

“…22 Injecting soft tissue fillers to cure facial and neck wrinkles starts early, and hyaluronic acid and collagen are used to cure neck wrinkles in clinical. 7,19,[23][24][25][26] The neck skin is thin, and it always affect by movement, so the injecting drug is easy to accumulate in local site. 4,[27][28][29] Because of the short absorption time of hyaluronic acid, collagen, and the accumulating of the injecting drug, the effect is not very well.…”