, and 1.00 mg/m 3 , respectively. The simultaneous measurements of gaseous and aerosol species revealed that the composition of PM 2.5 was mainly determined by anthropogenic plumes from nearby lands. Most of pollution plumes were associated with the passage of cold frontal systems, when all major species were greatly enhanced. Of these, two episodes were followed by dust incidents. In general, EC and nss-SO 4 2À were well correlated with CO while OC was in good agreement with O 3 . Particularly, the variations of OC/EC ratios exhibited a maximum in the afternoon corresponding to the peak of O 3 /CO ratios, suggesting OC/EC as a marker representing the degree of chemical processing of fine aerosol. The ratios of OC/CO for all measurements fell between emission ratios of China and South Korea. For pollution episodes, the correlations of CO with nss-SO 4 2À and EC were significant and their relative enhancement was suggested as an indicator to distinguish different types of pollution plumes.
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