A rapid intravenous bolus injection of cephazolin (4.0 g) was administered immediately before induction of anaesthesia to seven patients having total hip replacement.
The plasma, bone, hip capsule and drain fluid concentrations of cephazolin following rapid intravenous injection of cephazolin were all well above the minimum bactericidal concentration of this antibiotic against a wide range of organisms, in particular, the penicillin resistant Staph. aureus, most Gram negative rods and Bacteroides species that cause postoperative infections in these patients.
These results suggest that an intravenous bolus injection of cephazolin (4.0 g) given during induction of general anaesthesia should provide safe, effective prophylactic cover against all the organisms that cause postoperative wound infections in patients who undergo total hip replacement. This pharmacokinetic finding needs to be confirmed in a larger clinical trial of cephazolin.
The optimum empirical prophylactic mode of administration of cephazolin that provides high plasma and tissue concentrations during this procedure appears to be a rapid intravenous bolus injection before induction of anaesthesia.
The intravenous injections of cephazolin were well tolerated in every patient. No cases of thrombophlebitis occurred and no other side or toxic effects were reported.
Information on the use of syringe drivers is limited. Small studies have been undertaken in hospices and specialist palliative‐care units in the UK but, because of the small number of cases, these have taken a long time to complete. In this study all of the eleven Marie Curie Centres, hospices funded by a national cancer charity in the UK, have been included, with a total of 327 palliative‐care beds, and admissions approaching 4000 per annum. Information on current practice and policy has been collected by interview, and 3013 sets of patient records have been scanned to identify 1276 cases where syringe drivers were used. Data on frequency and duration of use, drugs and drug combinations prescribed, together with limited records of re‐siting, have been analysed. A report has been circulated to all of the centres involved for information, discussion and the possible generation of further research.
compared with those using the diaphragm when they refer to these two conditions occurring among users of the oral contraceptive ? I would be grateful if this point could be clarified as the text does not do so.
The aim of this study has been to explore the concept of rehabilitation as a team activity in the oncology setting. The researcher has interviewed 15 members of the rehabilitation team in a specialist oncology rehabilitation centre in the United Kingdom and observed the day-to-day activity in the centre. The grounded theory approach has been taken to data collection and analysis. Interviews were semistructured and tape-recorded, observations were recorded in the form of field notes; these and the tapes were used as working documents in the development of theory and transcribed for full analysis. Theories of team work and rehabilitation were developed, and subjected to further scrutiny and confirmation by participants. Staff recognized the existence of a team and sub-teams, which interacted in networks of care, communication and patient referral. Teams were seen as fluid, with merging and changing borders. Specialists remained individuals within the teams. The essence of rehabilitation was seen as the facilitation of the patient to become self-caring and to attain an optimal quality of life.
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