Stretchable
electronics have been spotlighted as promising next-generation
electronics. In order to drive a specific unit device in an integrated
stretchable device, the interconnection of the device should be placed
in a desired position and addressed individually. In addition, practical
stretchable interconnection requires reliable stretchability, high
conductivity, optical transparency, high resolution, and fast and
large-scale production. This study proposes an approach to meet these
requirements. We print the single wavy polymer nanofibers (NFs) in
a desired position and convert them into metal NF interconnections.
The nanoscale diameter and the wavy cylindrical shape of the metal
NFs are the main reasons for the reliable stretchability and the excellent
transparency. Using the stretchable metal NFs and the stretchable
organic semiconductor NFs, an array of all-stretchable transparent
NF-field effect transistors (NF-FETs) is demonstrated. The highly
integrated NF-FET array (10 FETs/mm2) shows uniform performance
and good stability under repeated severe mechanical deformations.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel risk assessment approach that considers the inter-relationship between supply chain risks and the structure of network at the same time. To reduce the impact of the supply chain risk and enhance the flexibility of transportation route finding during the product delivery, the authors propose a way to model the risk propagation and how to integrate it with the supply chain network using Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). The key risk indicators (KRI) of each vertex and edge of the supply chain network which are measured or computed by the proposed approach can be utilized to develop the optimal transportation route in the execution phase. Design/methodology/approach -BBN is utilized to illustrate the relations among supply chain risks which may take place in a certain vertex. To apply the BBN to the supply chain network, the authors develop the framework to integrate BBN and the supply chain network by using the general functions that describe the characteristics of the risk factors and inter-relationships between vertices. Findings -By using the proposed risk assessment and dynamic route-finding approach, it is possible to reduce the unexpected cost from the supply chain risk and overcome the limitations of previous risk management strategies which focus on developing counter plans and assume the independency of supply chain risks. Practical implications -The proposed approach describes how to develop KRI-BBN to model the risk propagation and to integrate the KRI-BBN and supply chain network. The KRIs directly measured or computed by KRI-BBN in real time can be utilized to alternate supply chain execution plans such as inventory management, demand management and product flow management. Transportation problem considering risk is developed to show how to apply the proposed approach and numerical experiments are conducted to prove the cost effectiveness. Originality/value -The contribution of this paper lies in the way of developing KRI-BBN to assess the supply chain risk and modelling of the risk propagation by integrating KRI-BBN with supply chain network. With the proposed risk assessment approach, it is able to alternate the transportation route to minimize the unexpected cost and transportation cost simultaneously.
Enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol was reported with the use of dendrimer‐encapsulated Au nanoparticle (Au DEN)‐modified ITOs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was applied for sensitive ECL‐based electroanalysis of hydrogen peroxide. The enhanced ECL of luminol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was attributed to facile electrochemical oxidation of luminol/hydrogen peroxide on the Au DEN‐modified ITOs at potentials as low as ∼0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Spooling ECL spectroscopy measurements indicated that the enhanced ECL emission of luminol/hydrogen peroxide system on the Au DEN‐modified ITOs originated from excited 3‐aminophthalate as same as that obtained on bare ITOs. Stability of Au DENs on ITO surfaces was also addressed and found to be closely related with the presence of chloride ions in electrolyte solutions.
This study is based on the film growth by non-classical crystallization, where charged nanoparticles (NPs) are the building block of film deposition. Extensive studies about the generation of charged NPs and their contribution to film deposition have been made in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. However, only a few studies have been made in the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. Here, the possibility for Ti films to grow by charged Ti NPs was studied during radio frequency (RF) sputtering using Ti target. After the generation of charged Ti NPs was confirmed, their influence on the film quality was investigated. Charged Ti NPs were captured on amorphous carbon membranes with the electric bias of −70 V, 0 V, +5 V, +15 V and +30 V and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number density of the Ti NPs decreased with increasing positive bias, which showed that some of Ti NPs were positively charged and repelled by the positively biased TEM membrane. Ti films were deposited on Si substrates with the bias of −70 V, 0 V and +30 V and analyzed by TEM, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The film deposited at −70 V had the highest thickness of 180 nm, calculated density of 4.974 g/cm3 and crystallinity, whereas the film deposited at +30 V had the lowest thickness of 92 nm, calculated density of 3.499 g/cm3 and crystallinity. This was attributed to the attraction of positively charged Ti NPs to the substrate at −70 V and to the landing of only small-sized neutral Ti NPs on the substrate at +30 V. These results indicate that the control of charged NPs is necessary to obtain a high quality thin film at room temperature.
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