Proactive personality has been demonstrated to be positively correlated with individual's job satisfaction in addition to big five traits. However, what is less clear are the intervening mechanisms underlying this relationship, the present study examined the mediating effects of self-efficacy and work engagement on the association between proactive personality and job satisfaction. Three hundred and fifty-two (194 females and 158 males) primary and middle school teachers completed the proactive personality scale, the teachers' self-efficacy scale, the work engagement scale and the short-form Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. Results revealed that proactive personality was positively related to teachers' job satisfaction. In addition, mediation analyses showed that the relation between proactive personality and teachers' job satisfaction was simple mediated by selfefficacy and work engagement and sequentially mediated by self-efficacy-work engagement. These findings contribute to the complex nature of the relationship between proactive personality and job satisfaction. The possible explanations and limitations are briefly discussed.

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Given the proliferation of smartphone use, more and more people feel obligated to stay connected to work during evening hours, weekends, or vacations. Therefore, building on work–family border theory (Clark 2000), which suggests the blending of work and nonwork domains can result in work–family interference, this study investigated the potential problems of work-related smartphone use on vacation. Derived from a sample of 500 Taiwanese smartphone users, results revealed that nearly 40% of respondents used their smartphones for work during their most recent vacation, while a majority reported negative impacts as a result of using smartphones for work purposes on vacation. Several factors influencing whether people would choose to use smartphones for work during vacation were also identified. These findings provide important theoretical and practical implications.