IMPORTANCEFor patients with large vessel occlusion strokes, it is unknown whether endovascular treatment alone compared with intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular treatment (standard treatment) can achieve similar functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether endovascular thrombectomy alone is noninferior to intravenous alteplase followed by endovascular thrombectomy for achieving functional independence at 90 days among patients with large vessel occlusion stroke.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial conducted at 33 stroke centers in China. Patients (n = 234) were 18 years or older with proximal anterior circulation intracranial occlusion strokes within 4.5 hours from symptoms onset and eligible for intravenous thrombolysis. Enrollment took place from May 20, 2018, to May 2, 2020. Patients were enrolled and followed up for 90 days (final follow-up was July 22, 2020).INTERVENTIONS A total of 116 patients were randomized to the endovascular thrombectomy alone group and 118 patients to combined intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy group. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving functional independence at 90 days (defined as score 0-2 on the modified Rankin Scale; range, 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]). The noninferiority margin was −10%. Safety outcomes included the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours and 90-day mortality. RESULTSThe trial was stopped early because of efficacy when 234 of a planned 970 patients had undergone randomization. All 234 patients who were randomized (mean age, 68 years; 102 women [43.6%]) completed the trial. At the 90-day follow-up, 63 patients (54.3%) in the endovascular thrombectomy alone group vs 55 (46.6%) in the combined treatment group achieved functional independence at the 90-day follow-up (difference, 7.7%, 1-sided 97.5% CI, −5.1% to ϱ)P for noninferiority = .003). No significant between-group differences were detected in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (6.1% vs 6.8%; difference, −0.8%; 95% CI, −7.1% to 5.6%) and 90-day mortality (17.2% vs 17.8%; difference, −0.5%; 95% CI, −10.3% to 9.2%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with ischemic stroke due to proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 4.5 hours from onset, endovascular treatment alone, compared with intravenous alteplase plus endovascular treatment, met the prespecified statistical threshold for noninferiority for the outcome of 90-day functional independence. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the clinical acceptability of the selected noninferiority threshold.

We demonstrated compact SnO2thin films prepared by sinter-less spin-coating processes as an electron selective contact for CH3NH3PbI3-based planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Electron collection layer (ECL) is one of the most important fundamentals to determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organometal halide-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we prepared ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposites with different Zn/Sn ratios at low temperature as ECLs for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-based planar-structured PSCs. ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite with the optimal ~89 mol% of the ZnO content gives higher PCE than the ZnO for the best fabricated PSC. The photoluminescence spectroscopies measured in both steady and transient states and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the interface of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and different ECLs, namely ZnO, ZnO-SnO 2 composite, and SnO 2. The high PCE of PSCs based on the ZnO-SnO 2 nanocomposite ECL was thus attributed to joint contributions of the high charge extraction efficiency and large charge recombination resistance both on the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /ECL interface. The thermal stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 absorber and the device stability of the corresponding PSC are both dependent on the ECLs in the order: SnO 2 > ZnO-SnO 2 >ZnO, suggesting that the hydroxyl-induced degradation of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 may be predominant in the ambient air environment in the initial ~700 hours. The PCE of the optimized device was further improved to 15.2% by introducing the low-temperature processable Al 2 O 3 as a capping layer to the ZnO-SnO 2 composite.

Solution-processed polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted dramatically increasing attention over the past few decades owing to their advantages of low cost, solution processability, light weight, and excellent flexibility. Recent progress in materials synthesis and devices engineering has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction PSCs over 17%. As an emerging technology, it is still a challenge to prepare solution-processed flexible electrodes for attractive flexible PSCs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most promising candidates for electrodes due to its high conductivity (>4000 S/cm), excellent transmittance (>90%), intrinsically high work function (WF > 5.0 eV), and aqueous solution processability. To date, a great number of single-junction PSCs based on PEDOT:PSS electrodes have realized a PCE over 12%. In this review, we introduce the current research on the conductive complex PEDOT:PSS as well as trace the development of PEDOT:PSS used in electrodes for high performance PSCs and perovskite solar cells. We also discuss and comment on the aspects of conductivity, transmittance, work-function adjustment, film preparing methods, and device fabrications. A perspective on the challenges and future directions in this field is be offered finally.