Piezoelectric nanomaterials are functional materials that hold a great promise for the nanoscale conversion of mechanical energy and electrical signals. Owing to their excellent electromechanical dependence, catalytic activity, and response sensitivity, piezoelectric nanomaterials are widely used in energy harvesting, sensors, actuators, resonators, and medical detectors. Nano‐piezoelectric materials exhibit unique electrical and chemical activities in the field of biomedical engineering, such as disease diagnosis and treatment. The working principles, device‐design mechanics, and classification of piezoelectric nanomaterials are systematically reviewed. Then, the recent advances in piezoelectric nanomaterials and their applications in tissue regeneration, antitumor/antibacterial therapy, cell force detection, controlled drug release, and pathological/physiological parameter monitoring are highlighted. Finally, the perspectives on the development of future smart piezoelectric nanomaterials, and how they can serve as a building block to inspire and impact the development of novel diagnosis and treatment applications, are presented.
Bone injuries are common in clinical practice. Given the clear disadvantages of autologous bone grafting, more efficient and safer bone grafts need to be developed. Bone is a multidirectional and anisotropic piezoelectric material that exhibits an electrical microenvironment; therefore, electrical signals play a very important role in the process of bone repair, which can effectively promote osteoblast differentiation, migration, and bone regeneration. Piezoelectric materials can generate electricity under mechanical stress without requiring an external power supply; therefore, using it as a bone implant capable of harnessing the body’s kinetic energy to generate the electrical signals needed for bone growth is very promising for bone regeneration. At the same time, devices composed of piezoelectric material using electromechanical conversion technology can effectively monitor the structural health of bone, which facilitates the adjustment of the treatment plan at any time. In this paper, the mechanism and classification of piezoelectric materials and their applications in the cell, tissue, sensing, and repair indicator monitoring aspects in the process of bone regeneration are systematically reviewed.
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