Application of Piezoelectric Material and Devices in Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone injuries are common in clinical practice. Given the clear disadvantages of autologous bone grafting, more efficient and safer bone grafts need to be developed. Bone is a multidirectional and anisotropic piezoelectric material that exhibits an electrical microenvironment; therefore, electrical signals play a very important role in the process of bone repair, which can effectively promote osteoblast differentiation, migration, and bone regeneration. Piezoelectric materials can generate electricity under mechanical stress without requiring an external power supply; therefore, using it as a bone implant capable of harnessing the body’s kinetic energy to generate the electrical signals needed for bone growth is very promising for bone regeneration. At the same time, devices composed of piezoelectric material using electromechanical conversion technology can effectively monitor the structural health of bone, which facilitates the adjustment of the treatment plan at any time. In this paper, the mechanism and classification of piezoelectric materials and their applications in the cell, tissue, sensing, and repair indicator monitoring aspects in the process of bone regeneration are systematically reviewed.

3D/4D printed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering

“…Some representative findings of typical bio-piezoelectric materials for bone regeneration are summarized in table 1. Some reviews have highlighted the most recent advancements in biopiezoelectric materials for bone regeneration [45,46].…”

Multi-Parametric Exploration of a Selection of Piezoceramic Materials for Bone Graft Substitute Applications

“…In this respect, over the years, there have been suggestions for a series of polymeric piezoelectric materials, with noteworthy capabilities for bone regeneration. As possible candidates for designing macro-porous scaffolds based on piezoelectric composites, one can mention: collagen, silk, cellulose, chitosan, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), polyamide-11, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its co-polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) [30,64,[88][89][90][91]. Amongst them, PVDF-based materials are perhaps the most promising, possessing the highest piezoelectric coefficients (i.e., situated in the range of 24-38 pC/N, depending on composition), and furthermore being already tested successfully in bone-related applications in both single form [30,88,92] and coupled with piezoelectric (e.g., BT [93][94][95][96][97]) or bioactive (e.g., hydroxyapatite [98][99][100]) ceramics, both in vitro [93][94][95][98][99][100][101] and in vivo [96,97,102,103].…”

Biophysical stimulation for bone regeneration using a chitosan/barium titanate ferroelectric composite

“…For example, these materials can be used in a variety of ways: as imaging agents, 6 cell proliferation agents, 7 biocompatible nanoprobes, 8 and stimulation of bone healing. 9 Barium titanate has the best ferroelectric properties (high polarization -over 8 mC cm À2 , high dielectric constant (about 8000) and low dielectric losses, lower than 0.1, at industrial frequency). 1,2 From the point of view of medical applications, barium titanate is non-toxic, but from the physical point of view it is obtained in the form of powder or by sintering in the form of hard ceramics.…”

“…For example, these materials can be used in a variety of ways: as imaging agents, 6 cell proliferation agents, 7 biocompatible nanoprobes, 8 and stimulation of bone healing. 9…”