Increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of cognitive impairment in astronauts under spaceflight compound conditions, but the underlying mechanisms and countermeasures need to be explored. In this study, we found that learning and memory abilities were significantly reduced in rats under a simulated long-duration spaceflight environment (SLSE), which includes microgravity, isolation confinement, noises, and altered circadian rhythms. Dammarane sapogenins (DS), alkaline hydrolyzed products of ginsenosides, can enhance cognition function by regulating brain neurotransmitter levels and inhibiting SLSE-induced neuronal injury. Bioinformatics combined with experimental verification identified that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was inhibited and the MAPK pathway was activated during SLSE-induced cognition dysfunction, whereas DS substantially ameliorated the changes in brain. These findings defined the characteristics of SLSE-induced cognitive decline and the mechanisms by which DS improves it. The results provide an effective candidate for improving cognitive function in spaceflight missions.
In this paper, β-Ga 2 O 3 thin films were grown on a p-Si substrate using the sol-gel method. Structural characterization of the films was performed using X-ray diffraction. Electrical parameters such as breakdown field, interface traps density (D it ), and series resistance (R s ) were investigated at room temperature. The interface trap density was found to be 10 12 eV −1 cm −2 using the Hill-Coleman method. This result is valuable for MOS capacitor applications. Dielectric parameters were investigated in the wide frequency range (20 kHz-1 MHz) at room temperature. We observed that these parameters have a strong dependence on frequency and voltage. Index Terms-β-Ga 2 O 3 dielectric film, dielectric properties, electrical properties.
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