Although high mammographic density (MD) is considered one of the strongest risk factors for invasive breast cancer, the genes involved in modulating this clinical feature are unknown. Tissues of high MD share key histological features with stromal components within malignant lesions of tumor tissues, specifically low adipocyte and high ECM content. We show that CD36, a transmembrane receptor that coordinately modulates multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes including adipocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, cell-ECM interactions, and immune signaling, is greatly repressed in multiple cell types of disease-free stroma associated with high MD and tumor stroma. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that CD36 repression is necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the abovementioned phenotypes observed in high MD and tumor tissues. Consistent with a functional role for this coordinated program in tumorigenesis, we observe that clinical outcomes are strongly associated with CD36 expression.
Evidence is mounting to indicate that cancer patients may have more likelihood of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but lack consistency. A robust estimate is urgently needed to convey appropriate information to the society and the public, in the time of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis through a comprehensive literature search in major databases in English and Chinese, and two investigators conducted publication selection and data extraction independently. A meta-analysis was used to obtain estimates of pooled prevalence of cancer in patients with COVID-19 and determine the association of cancer with severe events, after assessment of potential heterogeneity, publication bias, and correction for the estimates when necessary. Total 38 studies comprising
Dietary supplementation with conjugated
linoleic acid (CLA) has been
reported
to alleviate
the effect of colitis in mice, but the mechanisms involved need further
exploration. The study aimed to investigate how orally administered
CLA alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.
CLA was administered in five different doses: 40, 20, 10, 5, and 2.5
mg/day. Doses of CLA at 10 mg/day and higher alleviated colitis symptoms
and reduced inflammation induced by DSS, in which 40, 20, and 10 mg/day
CLA significantly increased the concentration of mucin2 and goblet
cells, but neither 5 mg/day CLA nor 2.5 mg/day CLA had any effects.
Meanwhile, 40 and 20 mg/day CLA treatments significantly upregulated
the concentration of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and
claudin-3) and ameliorated epithelial apoptosis caused by DSS. Moreover,
oxidative-stress-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione
peroxidase, and catalase) and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis
factor-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-6] were modulated by 40
and 20 mg/day CLA. Furthermore, 40 mg/day CLA rebalanced the gut microbiota
damaged by DSS, including reducing Bacteroides and
increasing Bifidobacterium and Odoribacter. In conclusion, CLA supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis
in a dose-dependent manner by modulating inflammatory cytokines and
oxidation stress, maintaining the mucosal barrier, and reverting microbiota
changes.
Ropy-EPS producing strain YS108R alleviated DSS-induced colitis by anti-inflammation, maintenance of the mucosal barrier and reverting the change of microbiota.
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