Objectives.We sought to identify the expression of CD68-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD34-microvascular density (MVD) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), to study the relationship with clinical pathological parameters and to determine whether their expression is predictive of disease.Methods.Pathologically confirmed 45 LSCC tissue and 20 peritumoral non-tumor tissue were examined. Immunohistochemical studies were used to detect the expression of CD68-TAMs and CD34-MVD.Results.The positive expression rate of CD68 in LSCC tissue was 82% (37/45), which was higher than the 10% (2/20) expression rate of the peritumoral tissue (P<0.05). The CD34-MVD positive expression rate in the LSCC tissue was 26.5±6.4, which obviously higher than 12.2±4.0 expression rate of the peritumoral tissue (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of both CD68 and CD34-MVD were higher in the lymph node metastasis (LNM) positive group than in the LNM negative group. The expression of CD68 had positive correlation with CD34-MVD. The 5-year disease-free survival rate in the group with the low CD68 expression was significantly higher than that in the group with high CD68 expression (76% vs. 42%, respectively).Conclusion.The high expression of CD68-TAMs in LSCC and its positive correlation with CD34-MVD illustrates that both play an important role in promoting the metastasis and angiogenesis of this cancer. Their expression was also positively correlated with the prognoses of these patients, suggesting that they could be used as important prognostic markers for LSCC.
The radial approach is widely used in the treatment of patients with coronary artery
disease. We conducted a meta-analysis of published results on the efficacy and safety
of the left and right radial approaches in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary
procedures. A systematic search of reference databases was conducted, and data from
14 randomized controlled trials involving 6870 participants were analyzed. The left
radial approach was associated with significant reductions in fluoroscopy time
[standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.19 to
-0.09; P<0.00001] and contrast volume (SMD=-0.07, 95%CI=-0.12 to -0.02; P=0.009).
There were no significant differences in rate of procedural failure of the left and
the right radial approaches [risk ratios (RR)=0.98; 95%CI=0.77-1.25; P=0.88] or
procedural time (SMD=-0.05, 95%CI=0.17-0.06; P=0.38). Tortuosity of the subclavian
artery (RR=0.27, 95%CI=0.14-0.50; P<0.0001) was reported more frequently with the
right radial approach. A greater number of catheters were used with the left than
with the right radial approach (SMD=0.25, 95%CI=0.04-0.46; P=0.02). We conclude that
the left radial approach is as safe as the right radial approach, and that the left
radial approach should be recommended for use in percutaneous coronary procedures,
especially in percutaneous coronary angiograms.
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical patterns in young Chinese patients (less than 40 years old) with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) and the outcome of primary open surgery.MethodsThirty-four young patients, with histologically confirmed LSCC between 1985 and 2005 at Qilu Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, who underwent primary open surgery were retrospectively evaluated according to the clinical patterns in comparison with 374 non-young patients (older than 40 years). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. The relevance of smoking, tumor location, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, lymph node involvement, tumor size, and histological differentiation to overall survival was tested by multivariate analysis.ResultsThere was a significantly higher rate of smoking (p = 0.020) in the non-young patients compared to the young patients, but no significant difference was observed in alcohol consumption, tumor location, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and 5-year overall survival.One-year survival rates were 100 %, 3-year survival rates were 79.41 %, and 5-year survival rates were 67.65 %. In the multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement (p = 0.006), tumor stage (p = 0.022), and tumor size (p = 0.004) proved to be significant predictors of overall survival.ConclusionsThe incidence of smoking was significantly higher in non-young patients compared to young patients. Primary surgery with or without radiotherapy may provide a value treatment option for young LSCC. Nodal status, tumor stage, and tumor size were the primary determinants of overall survival in multivariate analysis. These data may provide useful information for counseling and treatment planning.
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