No abstract

Laser vaporization may be a useful option for the treatment of VAIN after hysterectomy. However, a follow-up is required to assess the long-term efficacy of laser treatment.

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecological cancer due to its silent onset and recurrence with resistance to chemotherapy. Overexpression of oncogene c-Myc is one of the most frequently encountered events present in ovarian carcinoma. Disrupting the function of c-Myc and its downstream target genes is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the potential effects of small-molecule c-Myc inhibitor, 10058-F4, on ovarian carcinoma cells and the underlying mechanisms by which 10058-F4 exerts its actions. Using MTT assay, colony formation, flow cytometry and Annexin V FITC assays, we found that 10058-F4 significantly inhibited cell proliferation of both SKOV3 and Hey ovarian cancer cells in a dose dependent manner through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle G1 arrest. Treatment with 10058-F4 reduced cellular ATP production and ROS levels in SKOV3 and Hey cells. Consistently, primary cultures of ovarian cancer treated with 10058-F4 showed induction of caspase-3 activity and inhibition of cell proliferation in 15 of 18 cases. The response to 10058-F4 was independent the level of c-Myc protein over-expression in primary cultures of ovarian carcinoma. These novel findings suggest that the growth of ovarian cancer cells is dependent upon c-MYC activity and that targeting c-Myc-Max heterodimerization could be a potential therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between cervical microbiota and different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection statuses in cytologically normal women. The cervical microbiota of HPVpositive or -negative women with a normal cytologic diagnosis was characterized and compared using 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing, and the differences in cervical microbiota associated with new acquisition, persistence, and clearances of HPV genotypes were analyzed via one-year follow-up. The results showed that the cervical microbial richness of HPVpositive women was lower than for HPV-negative women, and the difference was more significant in the postmenopausal group relative to the premenopausal group. Ureaplasma parvum and related taxa were associated with baseline HPV positivity, while Brochothrix, Diplorickettsia, Ezakiella, Faecalibacterium, and Fusobacterium genera and their related taxa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were associated with baseline HPV negativity. For HPV-positive women, the baseline abundance of Actinomyces was negatively associated with new HPV infection, Alloprevotella tannerae, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella oulorum; and Dialister invisus were positively associated with new HPV-type infection within the year of follow-up. Lactobacillus delbrueckii was found to be negatively associated with persistent HPV infection and 9 taxa belonging to Prevotella, Dialister, and Lachnospiraceae were found to be positively associated with persistence, and/or negatively associated with clearance of HPV types. We also observed 10 novel taxa associated with the clearance/persistence of HPV that had not been reported elsewhere. Those taxa associated with different infection statuses of HPV could be used as a biomarker to help predict the risk of developing persistent HPV infection.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread globally. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of being infected with the coronavirus and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to the general population. The increasing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Concerted efforts should be put into managing gynecological malignancies in an orderly manner by strictly implementing the measures that are specifically developed for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We have drafted Recommendations on Management of Gynecological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on our experience on controlling COVID-19 pandemic in China. We recommend that patients with gynecological malignancies should be managed in hierarchical and individualized manners in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19. Medical care decision should be balanced between controlling COVID-19 pandemic spread and timely diagnosis and treatment for gynecologic oncology patients.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and management of malignant ovarian tumors during pregnancy, as well as the feto-maternal outcomes and analyze the influential factors on the pregnancy outcomes. Patients and Methods Eighty-five patients with ovarian malignancies during pregnancy treated at 12 tertiary hospitals between 2009 and 2019 were analyzed in this study. The clinical features, histopathological characteristics, clinical management, and maternal and perinatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features and managements were compared between abortion group and live birth group. Results The following diagnoses were made: 41 (48.24%) patients with borderline ovarian tumors, 18 (21.18%) patients with epithelial ovarian cancers, 17 (20.00%) patients with non-epithelial ovarian malignancies and 9 (10.59%) patients with metastatic ovarian tumors. Thirty-six (42.45%) patients underwent conservative surgical treatment. Thirty-four (40.00%) patients opted for fertility-sparing surgery, and fifteen (17.56%) patients received radical surgery. Chemotherapy was administered to 32.94% of the patients. The proportion of ovarian malignancies diagnosed in the first trimester in the abortion group was higher than that in the live birth group ( P <0.05). However, tumor diameter, reproductive history, stage and surgical indications showed no significant differences between groups. A total of 67 live babies were recorded in this study, including 19 premature babies and 1 full-term newborn who died of respiratory distress. All of the BOTs were diagnosed with stage I, among whom 38 (92.68%) patients exhibited disease-free survival. Twenty-eight ovarian cancers were in stage I–II and 26 of them had disease-free survival with the longest follow-up time of 10 years. Five of the sixteen patients in advanced stage (stage III–IV) died, four of whom had metastatic tumors. Conclusion Pregnant women with early-stage malignant ovarian tumors appear to have favorable outcomes. Conservative surgery is acceptable for early-stage borderline ovarian tumors during pregnancy. The gestational age of ovarian malignancy detection is key for pregnancy outcomes.

The presence of maternal anti-HBe is protective against HBV MTCT, independent of the maternal serum HBV viral load.

Drug resistance is the predominant cause of mortality in late-stage patients with ovarian cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have emerged as a novel type of second line drug with high specificity for tumor cells, including ovarian cancer cells. However, HDACis usually exhibit relatively low potencies when used as a single agent. The majority of current clinical trials are combination strategies. These strategies are more empirical than mechanism-based applications. Previously, it was reported that the adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146) is significantly induced in HDACi-treated tumor cells. The present study additionally confirmed that the induction of CD146 is a common phenomenon in vorinostat-treated ovarian cancer cells. AA98, an anti-CD146 monoclonal antibody (mAb), was used to target CD146 function. Synergistic antitumoral effects between AA98 and vorinostat were examined in vitro and in vivo. The potential effect of combined AA98 and vorinostat treatment on the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was determined by western blotting. The present study found that targeting of CD146 substantially enhanced vorinostat-induced killing via the suppression of activation of Akt pathways in ovarian cancer cells. AA98 in combination with vorinostat significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In vivo, AA98 synergized with vorinostat to inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in ovarian cancer. These data suggest that an undesired induction of CD146 may serve as a protective response to offset the antitumor efficacy of vorinostat. By contrast, targeting CD146 in combination with vorinostat may be exploited as a novel strategy to more effectively kill ovarian cancer cells.